American journal of preventive medicine
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In adults, behavioral-based interventions support prevention of Type 2 diabetes; less is known in children. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the impact of behavioral-based interventions on cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk for diabetes. ⋯ Behavioral-based interventions improved weight status and supported the maintenance of cardiometabolic parameters. Stronger consideration of the most important risk factors in children along with intermediate outcomes (e.g., diet quality) may help to elucidate the relationship between behavioral-based interventions and cardiometabolic outcomes.
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The generalizability of study findings may be influenced by pre-enrollment trial procedures, including the use of behavioral run-in periods. The study goals were to determine whether behavioral run-in periods and other pre-enrollment processes affect outcomes in randomized trials of behavioral weight loss interventions that have contributed to clinical guidelines. ⋯ The use of more pre-enrollment processes is associated with greater weight loss in behavioral weight loss trials and may impact the generalizability of outcomes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Air Quality Index and Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Intervention.
To reduce air pollution exposure, the U.S. asthma guidelines recommend that children check the Air Quality Index before outdoor activity. Whether adding the Air Quality Index and recommendations to asthma action plans reduces exacerbations and improves control and quality of life in children with asthma is unknown. ⋯ Addition of the Air Quality Index to asthma action plans led to improved asthma control by Asthma Control Test scores but may decrease outdoor activity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Naming Matters: Prompting Smaller Portions in an Online RCT.
Large portions, which can lead people to eat more, are becoming increasingly common in U.S. restaurants. This study tested whether portion-size descriptions on menus and different pricing strategies influence the selection of smaller portion sizes. ⋯ Portion-size descriptions on restaurant menus, even with nonlinear pricing, are a low-cost strategy to promote the selection of lower-calorie, smaller portions without restricting choice.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
mHealth to Support Outdoor Gym Resistance Training: The ecofit Effectiveness RCT.
In Australia, 45% of adults meet the aerobic recommendations, and only 9%-30% meet the resistance training guidelines. Given the lack of at-scale community-based interventions promoting resistance training, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of an innovative mHealth intervention on upper- and lower-body muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and social-cognitive mediators among a sample of community-dwelling adults. ⋯ This study has shown that a mHealth intervention promoting resistance training using the built environment can improve muscular fitness, physical activity behavior, and related cognitions in a community sample of adults.