American journal of preventive medicine
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The effectiveness of prenatal iron supplementation improves maternal hematological outcomes, but little research has focused on child outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess whether prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to maternal needs improves children's cognitive functioning. ⋯ Prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to the maternal hemoglobin levels and baseline iron stores improves cognitive functioning in children aged 4 years.
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Screening for food insecurity in clinical settings is recommended, but implementation varies widely. This study evaluated the prevalence of screening for food insecurity and other social risks in telehealth versus in-person encounters during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in screening before versus after widespread COVID-19 vaccine availability. ⋯ Food insecurity screening in first primary care encounters is low overall, with lower rates during telehealth visits and the earlier phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should explore the methods for enhancing social risk screening in telehealth encounters.
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Primary care visits present an opportune time to assess behaviors that contribute to patient health. Smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drugs are routinely documented in electronic health records, but less is known about screening for E-cigarette use and the prevalence of E-cigarette use in primary care settings. ⋯ Overall rates of E-cigarette screening were significantly lower than those of other substances. The use of combustible tobacco or illicit substances was associated with an increased likelihood of being screened. This finding may be because of the relatively recent proliferation of E-cigarettes, the recent addition of E-cigarette documentation to the electronic health record, or a lack of training on screening for E-cigarette use.
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It is unknown whether and to what extent the duration of smoking abstinence may modify the association between receiving cigarette coupons and smoking relapse in the U.S. This study aims to fill this gap. ⋯ Policies restricting cigarette coupons may help adults who recently quit sustain abstinence.
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Psychotropic drug-implicated (PDI) mortality-deaths in which psychotropic drugs were a contributing but not underlying cause of death-increased over two decades, with circulatory mortality as the primary cause leading to such deaths. Trends in PDI circulatory mortality over a 22-year period and its patterning in U.S. deaths are described. ⋯ Circulatory mortality with psychotropic drugs as a contributing cause escalated over 2 decades. Trends in PDI mortality are not evenly distributed across the population. Greater engagement with patients about their substance use is needed to intervene in cardiovascular deaths. Prevention and clinical intervention could contribute to reinvigorating previous trends of declining cardiovascular mortality.