American journal of preventive medicine
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Contraceptive care is an opportunity for providers to help clients achieve their reproductive health goals. Client-centeredness is a core element of quality care; however, evidence suggests that the provision of client-centered contraceptive counseling needs improvement. This systematic review summarizes recent evidence on client preferences related to contraceptive care, including how client-centered approaches inform outcomes. ⋯ The variation in client preferences highlight the importance of offering tailored, comprehensive information that supports decision-making, prioritizes client autonomy, and recognizes positive interpersonal relationships with providers.
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Review
Screening for the Need and Desire for Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review.
Proactively engaging patients in conversations about their needs and desires for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is an essential part of providing client-centered care. This systematic literature identifies screening tools and approaches for assessing needs and desires for pregnancy- and STI-related services. ⋯ Screening tools are important for identifying clients' needs and desires as well as informing and streamlining care. More research is needed to better understand the diversity of provider and patient experiences with screening tools and whether the use of such tools promotes accessible and equitable service provision. There was insufficient evidence to recommend any specific screening tool or approach for assessing pregnancy or STI needs and desires because most tools were reported either in a single study or results were mixed.
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Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are recognized as independent risk factors for many diseases. However, studies investigating their associations with total and cause-specific mortality in low-income and Black populations are limited, particularly among older adults. ⋯ High sitting time is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, and LTPA could partially attenuate the adverse association of prolonged sitting time with mortality.
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Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes, but their impact on workplace absenteeism remains poorly understood. Moreover, few studies have examined the role of CUD severity. This study aims to address these gaps by examining the associations between cannabis use recency, frequency, CUD severity, and workplace absenteeism. ⋯ Individuals with recent and frequent cannabis use and CUD are disproportionately prone to workplace absenteeism. Results support the enforcement of workplace drug prevention and treatment policies.