American journal of preventive medicine
-
Multicenter Study
Racial Inequities in Police Transport for Patients to the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Analysis.
Police involvement in patient transport to emergency medical care has increased over time, yet studies assessing racial inequities in transport are limited. This study evaluated the relationship between race and police transport to the emergency department for adult patients. ⋯ This analysis revealed racial inequities in police-involved transport to emergency medical care, highlighting an urgent need to evaluate drivers of inequities and the ways in which police transport influences clinical outcomes.
-
Although adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been positively associated with adiposity, few studies have examined long-term race-specific ACE-BMI relationships. ⋯ Direct exposure to certain severe ACEs is associated with increased BMI among Black and White women. It is important to consider race, ACE type, and life stage to gain a more sophisticated understanding of ACE-BMI relationships. This knowledge can help strengthen intervention, prevention, and policy efforts aiming to mitigate the impacts of social adversities and trauma on persistent cardiometabolic health disparities over the lifecourse.
-
Recommendations for adult pneumococcal vaccination in the U.S. were revised in 2022 after the introduction of 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) to call for routine PCV use among immunocompetent adults with risk conditions aged 19-64 years. The present study estimated the size of this newly recommended population. ⋯ Approximately one in four U.S. adults aged <65 years is now recommended to receive PCV15 or PCV20, which highlights the need for providers to assess vaccination status, administer the vaccine, or refer patients as appropriate, as well as the need for tools to facilitate patient identification and vaccination.
-
Binge drinking and sexual assault are serious inter-related public health problems faced by college students. State-level alcohol policy restrictiveness has been found to decrease binge drinking among college students and, therefore, may also reduce occurrences of alcohol-related criminal offenses. It was hypothesized that more restrictive state alcohol policy environments would be associated with fewer liquor law violations and sexual assault offenses on U.S. college campuses. ⋯ This cross-sectional study presents evidence that more restrictive state alcohol policies are associated with fewer alcohol-related arrests and disciplinary actions, and rape offenses on college campuses. Future research should identify the alcohol policy domains that are most protective against these outcomes.
-
Coupons are an effective, frequently used tobacco marketing strategy. This study examined prospective associations between cumulative exposure to e-cigarette coupons and changes in e-cigarette use among U.S. adults. ⋯ E-cigarette coupons may encourage and sustain e-cigarette use. Policies restricting e-cigarette coupons may curb e-cigarette use.