American journal of preventive medicine
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This study aimed to examine the association of county-level racial and economic residential segregation with mortality rates in the U.S. between 2018 and 2022. ⋯ Racial and economic residential segregation was positively associated with mortality rates at the county level in the contemporary U.S. Future study should elucidate the mechanisms underlying associations to inform evidence-based interventions and improve the health of the entire population.
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National surveillance efforts have reported rural-urban disparities in childhood vaccination coverage by metropolitan statistical area designations, measured at the county level. This study's objective was to quantify vaccination trends using more discrete measures of coverage and rurality than prior work. ⋯ Increased efforts are needed to eliminate disparities in routine and on-time vaccination for rural children.
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Cash bail reforms that end pretrial detention owing to the inability to afford bail have been highly debated across the U.S. A major concern cited by bail reform opponents is that reducing pretrial detention will increase community violence, particularly violence against women. The objective of this study was to assess whether New Jersey's cash bail reform was associated with changes in rates of fatal violence against women. ⋯ Violence against women and mass incarceration are urgent and interconnected public health crises. These findings demonstrate the potential for policies to reduce the number of people incarcerated before trial without increasing fatal violence against women. Addressing these public health crises requires holistic structural interventions, such as housing and economic support, that reduce violence without criminalization.
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This study aimed to evaluate the burden and underlying causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. ⋯ Despite declines in age-standardized rates, the total number of TBI cases and associated disabilities has risen since 1990, indicating a persistent global burden. Targeted interventions are urgently needed in high-burden regions like Eastern and Central Europe, with focus on leading causes and vulnerable populations.