American journal of preventive medicine
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Prepandemic data suggests that methamphetamine-related mortality and opioid coinvolvement have been increasing in the U.S. However, there was a staggering number of U.S. drug overdose deaths in 2020 and 2021, particularly among males. An updated examination of sex-specific trends in methamphetamine-related mortality, the extent to which these deaths may be driven by the heroin and fentanyl coinvolvement, and whether this coinvolvement might explain the disproportionate number of male methamphetamine deaths is warranted. ⋯ Increasing methamphetamine-related mortality among males and females has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the proportion of heroin and/or synthetic opioid coinvolvement among both sexes. Robust harm reduction efforts are needed to mitigate these increases, particularly for people who couse stimulants and opioids.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Incentivizing Tobacco Helpline Engagement in Persistent Poverty Counties: A Randomized Trial.
Persistent poverty counties (PPCs) are U.S. counties where ≥20% of residents have lived in poverty for ≥30 years. Cancer mortality rates in PPCs are exceptionally high due, in part, to elevated smoking rates. ⋯ Findings support the feasibility and efficacy of offering small FI for completing OTH coaching calls to increase treatment engagement and smoking cessation in PPCs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Appalachian Primary Care Patients' Quit Readiness and Tobacco Treatment Receipt.
Healthcare providers should facilitate smoking cessation, and primary care is an ideal setting for delivering this evidence-based care. This study's objective was to describe readiness to quit smoking combustible cigarettes among adult Appalachian primary care patients and determine their providers' implementation of an established tobacco treatment model. ⋯ Nearly one third of Appalachian patients who smoke reported readiness to quit within 6 months and nearly all received advice to quit from their provider. Patients would benefit from more intensive tobacco treatment delivery in primary care settings, with a focus on assisting with quit attempts.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with hypertension in women, but few population studies have examined findings among adolescents. This retrospective study examines PCOS and hypertensive blood pressure in a large adolescent population receiving routine healthcare. ⋯ Nearly 1 in 5 adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome had hypertensive blood pressure. Polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with 25% increased adjusted odds of hypertensive blood pressure, emphasizing the importance of blood pressure surveillance in this population with higher cardiometabolic risk.
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Chain restaurants are ubiquitous in the U.S. While restaurants are increasingly promoting health- and climate-conscious menu options, few studies have examined whether restaurants are increasing availability of menu items with lower climate impact and whether these offerings are healthier. This study examines trends in the availability and nutritional profile of food items featuring different meat sources on menus at 75 large chain restaurants in the U.S. from 2013 to 2021. ⋯ While meat-free items had fewer calories and some aspects of nutritional profile were more favorable, the availability of meat-free menu items has not increased in large chain restaurants, suggesting limited improvement on reducing climate impact.