American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Designing Effective Alcohol Warnings: Consumer Reactions to Icons and Health Topics.
New warning labels for alcohol could reduce alcohol-related health harms. This study examined consumer responses to alcohol warnings with different designs. ⋯ New alcohol warnings could discourage alcohol consumption, especially if warnings include icons.
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Smoking rates differ by insurance type; rates are often double for Medicaid and uninsured compared with that for Medicare or privately insured. State-funded tobacco quitlines' provision of free nicotine replacement therapy varies. In some states, Medicaid beneficiaries must obtain nicotine replacement therapy from a physician, whereas others get nicotine replacement therapy mailed to them. ⋯ Results illustrate the benefit of receiving nicotine replacement therapy from the quitline on cessation. Mailing nicotine replacement therapy to all people who smoke should be standard practice to reduce smoking disparities.
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Among individuals with chronic respiratory conditions, transitions between patterns of tobacco product use are not well understood. This study examines how transitions, including quitting altogether, differ over time between those who do and do not have chronic respiratory conditions. ⋯ Although combustible tobacco use negatively impacts the management and prognosis of respiratory illnesses, combustible tobacco users who were recently diagnosed with a chronic respiratory condition were not likely to quit using tobacco. Efforts to encourage and support cessation in this medically vulnerable population should be increased.
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The objective of this study was to examine the payer mix and the economic impact of acute firearm injuries at a Level I Trauma Center in New Orleans. ⋯ Firearm injuries continue to plague the U.S. as a serious public health problem, causing preventable death, illness, and disability. They also continue to result in a major economic burden.
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Review Meta Analysis
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Myocarditis or Pericarditis.
There have been reports of potential negative cardiovascular effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, such as myocarditis or pericarditis. This study sought to ascertain the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination by conducting an extensive meta-analysis of published cases. ⋯ Study results indicate that a higher incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis was found after COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, the risk of developing myocarditis or pericarditis was greater after the second dose than after the first dose. Nevertheless, the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis in COVID-19 vaccine recipients are still significantly lower than the health risks observed in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the benefits and harms must be carefully assessed to determine the best management option for patients who are in the high-risk group of myocarditis or pericarditis.