American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A Contactless App-Based Intervention to Improve Health Behaviors in Airline Pilots: A Randomized Trial.
There is a need for enhanced preventive health care among airline pilots to mitigate the prevalence of cardiometabolic health risk factors. ⋯ Study findings show that an app-based health behavior intervention can elicit positive cardiometabolic health changes among airline pilots over 16 weeks, associated with trivial to large effect sizes.
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Few studies have examined trends in over-the-counter U.S. Food and Drug Administration‒approved nicotine replacement therapy sales data and consumer preferences for nicotine replacement therapy attributes (e.g., flavor). Examination of consumer preferences may inform both public health smoking cessation programs as well as subsequent research on consumer preferences for potentially reduced-risk tobacco products U.S. Food and Drug Administration may authorize. ⋯ This analysis of over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy sales sheds light on consumer preferences for attributes that can inform efforts to facilitate smoking cessation and research on preferences related to potentially reduced-risk tobacco products.
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Socioeconomic factors and genetic predisposition are established risk factors for dementia. It remains unclear whether associations of socioeconomic deprivation with dementia incidence are modified by genetic risk. ⋯ Individual-level and area-level socioeconomic deprivation were associated with increased dementia risk. Dementia prevention interventions may be particularly effective if targeted to households and areas with fewer socioeconomic resources, regardless of genetic vulnerability.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Sugary Beverage Text and Pictorial Warnings: A Randomized Trial.
Multiple U.S. localities have introduced legislation requiring sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) warnings. This study effects of different warning designs on beverage selections and perceptions. ⋯ SSB warning policies may be most effective if they mandate images of beverages' added sugar content accompanied by warning text.
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Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk for peripheral artery disease. It is unknown whether smokeless tobacco, a noncombustible form of tobacco exposure, is also associated with increased peripheral artery disease risk. Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we tested the hypothesis that the use of smokeless tobacco is associated with a higher risk of developing peripheral artery disease. ⋯ Current smokeless tobacco use was associated with high rates of peripheral artery disease, similar to cigarette smoking. Future research should evaluate the effect of cessation of noncombustible tobacco on incident peripheral artery disease.