American journal of preventive medicine
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Information on morbidity-related productivity losses attributable to cigarette smoking, an important component of the economic burden of cigarette smoking, is limited. This study fills this gap by estimating these costs in the U.S. and by state. ⋯ The cost of morbidity-related productivity losses attributable to cigarette smoking in the U.S. and in each state was substantial in 2018 and varied across the states. These estimates can guide public health policymakers and practitioners planning and evaluating interventions designed to alleviate the burden of cigarette smoking at the state and national levels.
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People with disabilities report a higher prevalence of cigarette use than people without disabilities. However, evidence is limited on the relationships between disability type, degree of functional difficulty, and other tobacco product use. ⋯ People who reported difficulty with vision, hearing, mobility, or cognition had a higher cigarette use prevalence than people without disabilities. Other tobacco use differed by disability type. Future research should tailor tobacco interventions to reduce these disparities.
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This study assesses the proportion of New York City Medicaid participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who did not have any claims for diabetes medication for an entire year and the association between nonuse of diabetes medication and subsequent hospitalizations. ⋯ Medication use and adherence are important for managing diabetes. However, almost 30% of New York City Medicaid participants with type 2 diabetes had no claims for diabetes medication for an entire year. Significantly higher hospitalization rates among this group warrant attention from providers and policy makers.
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Community pharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare providers. Community pharmacist-led screening may facilitate the early detection of illnesses/medical risk factors, optimizing health outcomes. However, it is important to assess the acceptability of screening services to ensure uptake by key stakeholders. The aim of this review was to explore the acceptability of community pharmacist-led screening by all stakeholders (i.e., patients, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals) and identify the methods used to evaluate the acceptability of screening. ⋯ Community pharmacist-led screening appears to be acceptable to patients, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals. However, no uniform psychometrically sound measure of acceptability was used consistently across studies, rendering comparisons difficult and showing the need for future research exploring the psychometric properties of acceptability measures. Findings, including barriers and enablers to pharmacist-led screening, are important to consider when providing screening services in community pharmacies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A Risk Education Program Decreases Leftover Prescription Opioid Retention: An RCT.
Retaining leftover prescription opioids poses the risks of diversion, misuse, overdose, and death for youth and other family members. This study examined whether a new educational program would enhance risk perceptions and disposal intentions among parents and decrease their retention of leftover prescription opioids. ⋯ A scenario-specific educational intervention emphasizing the potential risks that leftover opioids pose to children and that provided risk mitigation advice decreased parents' retention of their child's leftover opioid medication. Removing leftover prescription drugs from homes with children may be an important step to reducing diversion, accidental poisoning, and misuse among youth.