American journal of preventive medicine
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The relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension is multifaceted and a major public health concern. The association becomes even more complicated when hypertension is undiagnosed. This study investigates how alcohol consumption patterns are linked to measured, diagnosed, undiagnosed, and composite hypertension (any indications of hypertension from blood pressure readings, professional diagnosis, or reported medication use) in the United States. ⋯ Contrary to some studies suggesting moderate alcohol intake has protective cardiovascular effects, the findings did not corroborate a "J-shaped" curve. This underscores the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring among individuals with binge drinking episodes and emphasizes the need for public health interventions to mitigate alcohol consumption and its associated hypertension risks.
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Review Meta Analysis
Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Associated With Antidiabetics: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.
Dementia risk is substantially elevated in patients with diabetes. However, evidence on dementia risk associated with various antidiabetic regimens is still limited. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with various antidiabetic classes. ⋯ Metformin and SGLT2i demonstrated lower dementia risk than other antidiabetic classes. Patient-specific factors may affect this relationship and cautious interpretation is warranted as metformin is typically initiated at an earlier stage with fewer complications. Hence, further large-scaled clinical trials are required.
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Children living in poverty are at an increased risk for maltreatment. Social safety net (SSN) programs with antipoverty objectives may reduce child maltreatment through pathways such as reduced food insecurity, lessened caregiver stress, and improved caregiving behaviors and ability to meet children's basic needs. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of evidence on the ability of SSN programs to reduce child maltreatment in the United States (U.S.). ⋯ SSNs are associated with protective effects against child maltreatment. Expansion of SSN programs would likely have positive benefits beyond poverty-related objectives, including reducing incidence of child maltreatment.
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Obesity affects four in ten US adults. One of the most prevalent health-related social risk factors in the US is housing instability, which is also associated with cardiovascular health outcomes, including obesity. The objective of this research brief is to examine the association between housing instability with obesity status among a representative sample of insured adults across seven integrated health systems. ⋯ Among a representative cohort of insured adults, this study suggested increasing levels of housing instability are associated with increasing levels of obesity. Future research should further explore the temporal, longitudinal, and independent association of housing instability with obesity.
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Tracking changes in socioeconomic disparities in diabetes in the U.S. is important to evaluate progress in health equity and guide prevention efforts. Disparities in diabetes prevalence by educational attainment from 2001 to 2020 were investigated. ⋯ From 2001 to 2020, national education-related disparities in diabetes prevalence have shown no signs of narrowing.