American journal of preventive medicine
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Most previous studies on food insecurity and cardiovascular disease risk factors are cross-sectional. Without longitudinal data, it is unclear whether food insecurity precedes poor health and how exposure timing impacts these relationships. ⋯ After covariate adjustment, food insufficiency was associated with several cardiovascular disease risk factors. Findings from this study should be replicated in other settings and populations. If verified, this evidence could provide justification for intervening in food insecurity to reduce future cardiovascular disease risk.
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Childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are linked to adult obesity, and little is known about what protective factors might mitigate this association. ⋯ Factors previously found to promote resilience to mental health sequelae after abuse did not modify the association of severe child abuse with higher weight status.
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Observational Study
Association Between Acute Exposure to Crime and Individual Systolic Blood Pressure.
Hypertension is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and is geographically concentrated in urban underserved neighborhoods. This study examines the temporal-spatial association between individual exposure to violent crime and blood pressure. ⋯ Exposure to a violent crime event was associated with increased blood pressure, with gradient effects by both distance and time from exposure.
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Sudden cardiac death is the main cause of death among firefighters. The goal of this study is to identify firefighters at risk for cardiovascular disease using coronary artery calcium screening. ⋯ A coronary artery calcium scan may identify the firefighters at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. A comprehensive cardiovascular disease prevention program implemented early in a firefighter's career may help reduce cardiovascular disease risk and thus death and disability in this high-risk population.
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The U.S. Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion, which allowed states to expand Medicaid coverage to low-income adults beginning in 2014, has reduced the risk factors for child neglect and physical abuse, including parental financial insecurity, substance use, and untreated mental illness. This study examines the associations between Medicaid expansion and the rates of overall, first-time, and repeat reports of child neglect and physical abuse incidents per 100,000 children aged 0-5, 6-12, and 13-17 years. ⋯ Insurance expansions for low-income adults may reduce child neglect.