American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Couple-Based Physical Activity Planning for New Parents: A Randomized Trial.
The demands of parenthood may limit the pursuit of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), establish inactivity patterns into middle age, and lead to long-term poorer health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a couple-based planning skills intervention to support MVPA from baseline (~2 months after birth) up to 6 months later in first-time parents. ⋯ Mothers may be more responsive than fathers to MVPA interventions in early parenthood. Already active parents likely have little to be gained from additional intervention. Future research is needed to effectively promote MVPA during fatherhood and identify novel ways to sustain PA past the early response to an intervention.
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Self-rated health has been extensively studied, but the utility of a similarly structured question to rate diet quality is not well characterized. This study aims to assess the relative validity of self-rated diet quality, compared with that of a validated diet quality measure (Healthy Eating Index-2015) and to examine the associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. ⋯ Self-rated diet quality was associated with Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores and cardiometabolic disease risk factors. This single-item assessment may be useful in time-limited settings to quickly and easily identify patients in need of dietary counseling to improve cardiometabolic health.
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Young adults experiencing homelessness are vulnerable to firearm violence. This study aims to explore the correlates of firearm violence involvement among this vulnerable population, which may inform firearm violence reduction intervention development. ⋯ Given the inter-related nature of firearm violence involvement and given that risk factors for violence are often embedded in social and structural contexts, multipronged community-based approaches to prevent firearm violence among young adults experiencing homelessness are necessary. Targeted efforts may be indicated to attenuate the risk and promote resilience among subgroups of young adults experiencing homelessness who are disproportionately affected by firearm violence.
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Hepatitis C virus testing is recommended for people at high risk for infection, including those with substance use disorders. Little is known about the cascade of hepatitis C virus care (including testing, diagnosis, and treatments) among patients with substance use disorders in real-world clinical practice. This study aims to characterize the hepatitis C virus cascade of care and identify the factors associated with hepatitis C virus testing and diagnosis among Florida Medicaid beneficiaries with substance use disorders. ⋯ Future studies are warranted to investigate the barriers to access hepatitis C virus testing and treatment among Florida Medicaid beneficiaries with substance use disorders, especially for White male individuals.
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The impact of intensive prenatal and infant/toddler nurse home visiting on low-income mothers' and children's survival was examined in 3 RCTs following participants over 2-decade periods after trial registration during pregnancy (data gathered between 1978 and 2015 and analyzed between 2016 and 2020). ⋯ These results support examining maternal and child mortality in additional nurse home visiting trials with larger samples living in disadvantaged contexts. Intensive prenatal and infant/toddler home visiting by nurses for mothers and children living in poverty may decrease premature death.