American journal of preventive medicine
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As an emerging infectious disease, the clinical and virologic course of COVID-19 requires better investigation. The aim of this study is to identify the potential risk factors associated with persistent positive nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcription‒polymerase chain reaction tests in a large sample of patients who recovered from COVID-19. ⋯ This study is the first to provide a given rate of patients (16.7%) who test positive on RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid after recovering from COVID-19. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 still could be potential carriers of the virus. In particular, if patients continue to have symptoms related to COVID-19, such as sore throat and rhinitis, it is reasonable to be cautious by avoiding close contact, wearing a face mask, and possibly repeating a nasopharyngeal swab.
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Faith-based health interventions may improve obesity-related health behaviors, including healthy eating and physical activity. However, the generalizability of results and comprehensiveness of reporting for critical design elements sufficient for large-scale implementation and broad public health impact are unclear. This review assesses the degree to which faith-based healthy eating and physical activity programs report intervention elements using the reach, effectiveness/efficacy, adoption, implementation, maintenance framework. ⋯ Studies reporting outcomes of faith-based interventions to improve healthy eating/physical activity behaviors lack the information necessary to understand the potential for broad dissemination and implementation in community settings. Future studies should report on the considerations for the translation and dissemination of evidence-based programs to expand public health impact.
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Exposure to adverse experiences during adolescence may have significant implications for intimate partner violence during adulthood because it is during this developmental stage that many youth begin to have romantic relationships. Yet, few prospective longitudinal analyses on this topic exist. This study aims to fill a gap in the literature by examining the adverse childhood experiences during adolescence and intimate partner violence 15 years later during adulthood. ⋯ These findings support the negative effects of community violence in adolescence on later risk of intimate partner violence. Prevention interventions that focus on community health and violence prevention with a focus on healthy adolescent development may be pertinent in lowering intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood.
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Some Muslim religious councils in Indonesia have ruled that measles vaccines contain haram (i.e., forbidden materials). This study evaluates the changes in measles vaccination coverage between 1991 and 2017 and compares vaccination coverage between Muslims and non-Muslims in Indonesia. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
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India's childhood vaccination coverage has increased amid the implementation of national health policies intended to improve immunization levels. However, there is a dearth of contemporary studies comparing state-level childhood vaccination rates across India's highly diverse states and territories. This study assesses SES-based inequalities in childhood vaccination by state for 2002-2013. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.