American journal of preventive medicine
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This study quantifies the differences in infant outcomes by mother's self-identified race among Arab Americans and by self-identified race and ethnicity for Arabs and non-Arabs. ⋯ Both ethnicity and race are important determinants of the health of Arab American infants. Arab ethnicity may play a negative role in the infant health of Arab Americans who identify as White. A better understanding of the lived experiences of Arab American mothers, with regard to their racial and ethnic identity, may help better inform clinical practice.
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India's childhood vaccination coverage has increased amid the implementation of national health policies intended to improve immunization levels. However, there is a dearth of contemporary studies comparing state-level childhood vaccination rates across India's highly diverse states and territories. This study assesses SES-based inequalities in childhood vaccination by state for 2002-2013. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
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Although vaccination coverage is high in Kenya relative to other African nations, undervaccinated children remain, making it important to identify characteristics of these children and their caregivers. Potentially relevant but understudied factors are women's empowerment and early marriage. Women who marry older and have more autonomous decision-making authority may be better able to ensure their children receive health services, including immunizations. This analysis examines the relationship between early marriage and multiple dimensions of women's empowerment and child vaccination status in Kenya and explores whether these relationships are modified by wealth. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
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As an emerging infectious disease, the clinical and virologic course of COVID-19 requires better investigation. The aim of this study is to identify the potential risk factors associated with persistent positive nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcription‒polymerase chain reaction tests in a large sample of patients who recovered from COVID-19. ⋯ This study is the first to provide a given rate of patients (16.7%) who test positive on RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid after recovering from COVID-19. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 still could be potential carriers of the virus. In particular, if patients continue to have symptoms related to COVID-19, such as sore throat and rhinitis, it is reasonable to be cautious by avoiding close contact, wearing a face mask, and possibly repeating a nasopharyngeal swab.
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Several authors have explored the effect of individual risk factors on vaccination inequity in Indian infants. This study explores the combined impact of >1 risk factor on the probability of full vaccination. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.