American journal of preventive medicine
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The goal of the paper is to characterize the geographic and sociodemographic patterns of policies prohibiting tobacco sales to people aged <21 years (i.e., Tobacco 21) at the local, county, and state levels in the U.S. before the national law. ⋯ The national Tobacco 21 law may address disparities in coverage by SES, race/ethnicity, and region that could have lasting implications with regard to health equity.
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Racial/ethnic minorities have a higher prevalence of past 30-day cigar smoking than White, non-Hispanics. Little is known, however, about racial/ethnic differences in advanced cigar-smoking patterns by cigar types. This research explores whether cigar-smoking patterns differ by race/ethnicity and cigar types. ⋯ This study finds that Black, non-Hispanics and Hispanics have more advanced patterns of cigar smoking than White, non-Hispanics. Interventions and policies for minimizing cigar smoking may differentially benefit these populations and reduce disparities.
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Coverage of health interventions usually shows social gradients with higher levels among wealthy than among poor individuals. Owing to the upsurge of vaccine hesitancy in high-income countries, the authors hypothesized that the social gradient may also be changing over time in the low- and middle-income countries and set out to test this hypothesis. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
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Several authors have explored the effect of individual risk factors on vaccination inequity in Indian infants. This study explores the combined impact of >1 risk factor on the probability of full vaccination. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
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Improving the timeliness and completion of vaccination is the key to reducing under-5 childhood mortality. This study examines the prevalence of delayed vaccination for doses administered at birth and age 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, and 9 months and its association with undervaccination among infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.