American journal of preventive medicine
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This study examines the dose-response relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cardiometabolic measures in adolescents. ⋯ Among several significant dose-response relationships between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in adolescents, consistent and often nonlinear relationships were identified for BMI, with inflection points at 90-150 minutes of objective moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Notable differences in associations and linearity were identified by sex and physical activity measure (objective or self-reported). These results support calls for any increase in physical activity among adolescents and suggest that recommendations closer to the adult guidelines of 150 weekly minutes of physical activity may be health promoting and more attainable for youth than the current recommendation of 420 weekly minutes.
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Previously, a web-based, patient-facing decision aid for lung cancer screening, shouldiscreen.com, was developed and evaluated. An initial evaluation was completed before the Medicare coverage decision and recruited a nondiverse sample of mostly former smokers, limiting the understanding of the potential effectiveness of the tool among diverse populations. This study evaluates shouldiscreen.com among African Americans in Metro Detroit. ⋯ The use of the tool led to small improvements in lung cancer screening knowledge and increased concordance with current recommendations. Additional design modifications and modes of information delivery of these decision aids should be considered to increase their efficacy in helping populations with lower educational attainment and computer literacy.
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Rapidly urbanizing communities in middle-income countries could be sources of vaccine hesitancy, and may create hot spots of low vaccination coverage. This study characterizes vaccine hesitancy in Shanghai and identifies disparities in vaccine safety and efficacy concerns by residency status-a marker for recent migration into the city. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
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The goal of the paper is to characterize the geographic and sociodemographic patterns of policies prohibiting tobacco sales to people aged <21 years (i.e., Tobacco 21) at the local, county, and state levels in the U.S. before the national law. ⋯ The national Tobacco 21 law may address disparities in coverage by SES, race/ethnicity, and region that could have lasting implications with regard to health equity.
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Several authors have explored the effect of individual risk factors on vaccination inequity in Indian infants. This study explores the combined impact of >1 risk factor on the probability of full vaccination. ⋯ This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.