American journal of preventive medicine
-
Translational lifestyle change programs for community and clinical settings have been available for a decade, yet there are limited data on their comparative effectiveness. This study examines the effectiveness of a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-aligned lifestyle change program relative to usual care in clinical practice. ⋯ This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an evidence-based, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-aligned lifestyle change program in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors compared with usual care in clinical practice, with long-term reductions in weight and transient reductions in blood pressure.
-
Officers can be unintentionally injured during officer-suspect interactions, and these injuries are often not coded as assaults. This article defines and enumerates injuries that officers sustain while chasing, detaining, arresting, or pursuing suspects. These are termed resistance-related injuries. ⋯ More than half of officers' nonfatal injuries occurred when they were interacting, detaining, or pursuing a suspect. This highlights the need to code nonfatal injuries in a consistent and meaningful way that informs police policy and practice.
-
In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration extended the licensure for human papillomavirus vaccination to include everyone aged 27-45 years. In 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued a recommendation that adults aged 27-45 years and their providers engage in shared clinical decision making about human papillomavirus vaccination. In addition, in 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices reiterated that all previously unvaccinated individuals receive catch-up vaccination through age 26 years. This study estimates the pre-recommendation prevalence of human papillomavirus vaccination and factors associated with vaccination in 2 age groups (19-26 years [young adults] and 27-45 years [mid-adults]), forming a baseline to monitor future coverage among U.S. adults. ⋯ These data emphasize the continued need for vaccinating adolescents aged 11-12 years given that few adults were vaccinated against human papillomavirus.
-
Identifying patient populations most affected by adverse social determinants of health can direct epidemiologic investigation, guide development of tailored interventions, and improve clinical care and outcomes. This study explores how demographic characteristics are associated with specific types-and cumulative burden-of adverse social determinants of health among Veterans seeking Veterans Health Administration health care. ⋯ There is increasing and ongoing interest in ways to identify and respond to patients' experiences of or exposures to adverse social determinants of health. Demographic characteristics may signal the need to assess for adverse social determinants of health. Analyses exploring latent factors among these social determinants (e.g., poverty) may inform strategies to identify patients experiencing adverse social determinants of health and provide responsive interventions.
-
This study aims to identify the trends in incidence and prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth in China during 1993-2017. ⋯ The increased burden of untreated caries in China after 2010 is driven by those aged <25 years. Untreated caries data from the Global Burden of Disease study are a valid complement to the data from the Chinese National Oral Health Epidemiology Surveys.