American journal of preventive medicine
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In July 2017, Oakland, California implemented a 1 cent/ounce sugar-sweetened beverage tax. This study examined changes in store marketing practices-advertising and price promotions-for sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and unsweetened beverages following the introduction of the tax. ⋯ Rather than increasing marketing, retailers and manufacturers may have tried to offset revenue losses by reducing price promotions for sugar-sweetened beverages, particularly regular soda, and artificially sweetened beverages.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Reducing Both Food Insecurity and Excess Body Weight in Costa Rican Women: A Cluster Randomized Trial.
The coexistence of food insecurity and excess body weight has been well documented in women. Both food insecurity and excess body weight have multiple consequences for physical and mental health. Concerns have been raised about interventions aimed to reduce food insecurity because these interventions might contribute to excess body weight, particularly in adult women. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an intervention to simultaneously reduce food insecurity and body weight through alleviating discouragement-which women described as feeling sad, depressed, hopeless, and lacking drive to do important activities, such as finding a job or studying more-by increasing women's empowerment. ⋯ The intensive intervention was effective in simultaneously reducing food insecurity and excess body weight. Educational components should be added to interventions aimed to reduce food insecurity.
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Cigarette smoking remains more common among individuals with depression. This study investigates whether cigarette quit ratios and cigarette use prevalence have changed differentially by depression status during the past decade. ⋯ Quit ratios are increasing and smoking prevalence is decreasing overall, yet disparities by depression status remain significant. Disparities in quit ratio may be one contributing factor to the elevated prevalence of smoking among those with depression. Innovative tobacco control approaches for people with depression appear long overdue.
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Transgender and gender diverse individuals experience a variety of barriers to accessing culturally responsive care across different types of health services. This study develops and validates a scale to assess for trans-inclusive healthcare practices, which may be used in a variety of ways. ⋯ Findings suggest that the Trans-Inclusive Provider Scale may be useful in identifying providers' behaviors regarding inclusivity of transgender and gender diverse patients and provide growth opportunities at both individual and practice levels. It could also guide improvements after trainings or be used as a micro-intervention, allowing providers to assess behaviors and identify opportunities to improve.
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Susceptibility, or openness to smoking, is a predictor of future smoking. This study examines within-gender racial/ethnic differences in smoking susceptibility over historical time (1999-2018) and developmental age (11-18 years). ⋯ Twenty-year racial/ethnic differences in smoking susceptibility were evident, particularly among girls, but were mostly equivalent between genders over developmental age. Targeting susceptible adolescents with gender-, race/ethnic-, and age-tailored prevention efforts may prevent or delay adolescents' transition to tobacco use and reduce tobacco-related disparities.