American journal of preventive medicine
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Educational councils and medical societies recommend that medical students learn to recognize and care for victims of sex trafficking. Previous research has found that healthcare providers are one of the few professionals to interact with sex trafficking victims during exploitation. This review evaluates currently published curricular and extracurricular U. ⋯ A limited published sex trafficking curriculum exists for medical student learners. Future research evaluating unpublished curricula within U. S. medical schools is necessary to coordinate efforts for standardized and robust sex trafficking education.
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Comparative Study
Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults Aged ≥65 Years: Cost-Effectiveness and Health Impact in U.S. Populations.
Recommending both the conjugate and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines to all U.S. seniors may have little public health impact and be economically unreasonable. Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of using both vaccines in all adults aged ≥65 years were estimated compared with an alternative strategy (omitting pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the nonimmunocompromised) and with the newly revised recommendation (giving or omitting conjugate vaccine based on patient-physician shared decision making). ⋯ A vaccination strategy that omits pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in immunocompetent U.S. seniors may be economically reasonable, particularly for black seniors. Use of both pneumococcal vaccines was more effective but substantially more expensive.
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This study assesses associations between past-12-month sexual violence victimization and recent health risk behaviors using a nationally representative sample of male and female high school students. It is hypothesized that sexual violence victimization will be associated with most of the negative health behaviors for both sexes. ⋯ Past-year sexual violence victimization was significantly related to various health risk behaviors, suggesting that efforts to prevent sexual violence may also be associated with decreases in poor health. Integrating violence, substance use, sexual, and other health risk prevention efforts is warranted.
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Comparative Study
Measuring the Incidence of Child Maltreatment Using Linked Data: A Two-State Comparison.
Measuring and comparing the incidence of child maltreatment is challenging. Linkage of statewide birth cohorts with Child Protective Services reports to study incident child maltreatment over the life course are becoming more common. This study compares the reported incidence between 2 states derived from population-based administrative data linkages. ⋯ Much of the difference in risk for child maltreatment observed between Alaska and California is most likely due to variation in the population structure by race as opposed to modifiable factors. Standardization is a simple method to adjust for population structure differences. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge regarding the use of linked administrative data to study maltreatment and provides insights into considerations for making comparisons or conducting cross-jurisdictional analyses based on commonly aligned data sets.
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Transgender and nonbinary individuals experience high levels of health disparities and are more likely to experience denials of health care than their cisgender (nontransgender) counterparts. There is a lack of evidence on how healthcare denials vary by gender identity and other intersecting identity characteristics in the transgender and nonbinary populations. ⋯ There is a need for better training of healthcare providers to be inclusive and reduce denial rates of their transgender and nonbinary patients. However, it is also clear that current rates of denial must be considered through a whole-person lens, considering the experience of concurrent oppressed identities and recognizing the increased risk those with multiple marginalized identities experience in being denied needed health care.