American journal of preventive medicine
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The objectives of this study were to investigate an association between the risk of patient falls and self-reported hearing loss and to examine whether self-reported hearing loss with versus without hearing aids predicts patient falls in an inpatient setting. ⋯ In the inpatient setting, there was a positive association between hearing loss and falls. However, among patients with hearing loss, only those without hearing aids were significantly more likely to fall, accounting for the Morse Fall Scale score and demographics characteristics. These findings support adding hearing loss as a modifiable risk factor in risk assessment tools for falls and exploring the use of amplification devices as an intervention.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Resilience and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Associations With Poor Mental Health Among Homeless Adults.
Adverse childhood experiences are known risk factors for a range of social, economic, and health-related outcomes over the life course. Resilience is a known protective factor. This study examines the associations of adverse childhood experiences and resilience with poor mental health outcomes among homeless adults with mental illness. ⋯ Findings highlight the high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their negative impact on homeless adults with mental illness. Resilience protects against adverse childhood experience-associated poor mental health outcomes, thereby serving as a potential interventional target in homeless populations.
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Comparative Study
Comparisons of Estimates From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Other National Health Surveys, 2011-2016.
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is composed of telephone surveys that collect state data from non-institutionalized U.S. adults regarding health-related risk behaviors and chronic health conditions. A new design was implemented in 2011 to include participants on cellular telephones. It is important to validate estimates since 2011. ⋯ Comparing BRFSS time trends with those of 2 national benchmark surveys in 10 key and widely used variables suggests that the trends of prevalences (or means) from BRFSS, NHANES, and NHIS are mostly similar. For many variables, despite statistically significant differences in the prevalences (or means) between surveys, absolute differences in most cases were small and not meaningful from a public health surveillance perspective.
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Previous research shows the associations between secondhand smoke exposure and health consequences among youth, but less is known about its effect on academic performance. This study examines a dose-response relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and subsequent academic performance among U.S. youth. ⋯ A dose-response relationship was observed between secondhand smoke exposure and academic performance among U.S. youth. Reducing youth secondhand smoke exposure may promote academic performance and subsequent educational attainment.
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Needle and syringe programs and opioid agonist therapy are essential for harm reduction among people who inject drugs. Few studies assess their combined potential in preventing hepatitis C virus infection. No studies have assessed whether they perform similarly among individuals at risk of primary and recurrent infection. This study aimed to estimate the rates of hepatitis C virus acquisition according to harm reduction coverage among hepatitis C virus-naive and previously infected people who inject drugs in Montreal, Canada. ⋯ High-dose opioid agonist therapy seems particularly important to reduce drug-related harms among hepatitis C virus-naive and previously infected people who inject drugs in Montreal.