American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Long-term Results From the FRESH RCT: Sustained Reduction of Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure.
Standard care interventions to reduce children's tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) may not be sufficient to promote behavior change in underserved populations. A previous study demonstrated the short-term efficacy of an experimental counseling intervention, Family Rules for Establishing Smokefree Homes (FRESH) compared with standard care on boosting low-income children's TSE reduction and maternal smoking at 16-week end of treatment (EOT). This study tested long-term posttreatment efficacy of this treatment through a 12-month follow-up. ⋯ Study results with a sample of underserved maternal smokers demonstrated that the short-term effect of FRESH counseling at 16-week EOT was maintained through 12 months after treatment-for both bioverified child TSE reduction and maternal smoking cessation. Smokers in low-income communities demonstrate elevated challenges to success in standard smoking treatment. FRESH follow-up results suggest the high potential value of more-intensive behavioral intervention for vulnerable smokers.
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In the U.S., rural residents have poorer health than urban residents and this disadvantage is growing. Therefore, it is important to understand rural-urban differences in access to medical care. This study compared the percentage of individuals with a usual source of care and characteristics of usual source of care providers across 3 urban-rural categories. ⋯ Rural-urban differences in access to care are complex; there is a rural disadvantage on some dimensions of access but not others. To understand rural-urban disparities in healthcare access, research should move beyond the usual source of care provider as an overall indicator and instead investigate disparities using multiple indicators of access based on theoretically distinct domains.
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Adverse effects of cigarette smoking on physical performance are well studied. Because of the recent rise in popularity of vaping, it is important to evaluate its effect on fitness both independently and in conjunction with traditional cigarette use. ⋯ This study suggests that individuals who use e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes average a lower level of fitness than individuals who abstain.
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Despite weight and fitness requirements, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the U.S. military approaches that in the general population. The purpose of this study is to assess trends in anthropometric measurements shortly after military enlistment. ⋯ Future research is needed to understand determinants of unhealthy weight gain and the association between weight gain and physical fitness among young adults embarking on a military career.
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Beginning September 3, 2014, CVS Health stopped selling tobacco products in all of its retail stores nationwide. This study assessed the impact of removing tobacco sales from CVS Health on cigarette smoking behaviors among U.S. adult smokers. ⋯ Removing tobacco sales in retail pharmacies could help support cessation among U.S. adults who are attempting to quit smoking, particularly in urban areas.