American journal of preventive medicine
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As early detection of oral cancers is associated with better survival, oral cancer screening should be included in dental visits for adults. This study examines the rate and predictors of oral cancer screening exams among U.S. adults with a recent dental visit. ⋯ A significantly higher proportion of minority race/ethnicity and low SES individuals report not receiving an oral cancer screening exam, despite a recent dental visit. This selective screening by dental professionals is incompliant with guidelines and concerning because these groups are more likely to present with an advanced stage of oral cancer at diagnosis. An understanding of the reasons for discriminatory oral cancer screening practices could help develop effective interventions.
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Previous research has observed income or racial/ethnic inequalities in fast food restaurant availability near schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in fast food restaurant availability near schools between 2000 and 2010 by school neighborhood income, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity. ⋯ These findings suggest the need for future interventions to target schools in low-income urban neighborhoods. Additionally, reducing child health disparities and improving health for all children requires monitoring changes in the food environment near schools.
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Meta Analysis
Sitting Time and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Whether physical activity attenuates the association of total daily sitting time with cardiovascular disease and diabetes incidence is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association of total daily sitting time with cardiovascular disease and diabetes with and without adjustment for physical activity. ⋯ Higher levels of total daily sitting time are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, independent of physical activity. Reductions in total daily sitting may be recommended in public health guidelines.
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Despite healthcare reforms mandating expanded insurance coverage and reduced out-of-pocket costs for preventive care, cancer screening rates remain relatively static. No study has measured cancer screening rates for multiple tests among non-Medicare patients. ⋯ Breast and cervical cancer screenings remain underutilized among both commercially insured and Medicaid-insured populations, with lower rates among the Medicaid-insured population. However, almost all women had at least one healthcare encounter, suggesting opportunities for better coordinated care.