American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Smoke-Free Moms: Financial Rewards for Smoking Cessation by Low-Income Rural Pregnant Women.
Maternal smoking places the child at risk during pregnancy and postpartum. Most women who quit smoking do so early when they first learn of pregnancy. Few low-income women quit once they enter prenatal care. The purpose of this study is to test in a clinical prenatal care setting the effectiveness of the Smoke-Free Moms intervention, which provides pregnant women a series of financial incentives for smoking cessation. ⋯ Financial incentives with existing smoking-cessation counseling by staff in low-income clinical prenatal programs led to cessation that continued during the postpartum period. Further study in larger populations is indicated.
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U.S. hospital discharges for opioid overdose increased substantially during the past two decades. This brief report describes 90-day readmissions among patients discharged from inpatient stays for opioid overdose. ⋯ A quarter of opioid overdose patients have ≤90 days all-cause readmissions, although opioid overdose readmission is uncommon. Effective strategies to reduce readmissions will address substance use disorder as well as comorbid physical and mental health conditions.
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Although research suggests that youth e-cigarette experimentation is associated with later combustible cigarette experimentation, it is unclear how this relates to habitual smoking. This study assesses how minors' patterns of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette experimentation relate to habitual smoking at ages 18-21 years. ⋯ Minors who tried combustible cigarettes were more likely to be habitual smokers at ages 18-21 years than those who tried e-cigarettes alone.
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The association between peer crowd identification and substance use is well documented among adolescents, but less is known about substance use among young adult peer crowds. ⋯ Peer crowd identification is associated with substance use among young adults. These findings can help identify target populations for prevention and cessation interventions and inform intervention design and delivery.