American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Smoke-Free Moms: Financial Rewards for Smoking Cessation by Low-Income Rural Pregnant Women.
Maternal smoking places the child at risk during pregnancy and postpartum. Most women who quit smoking do so early when they first learn of pregnancy. Few low-income women quit once they enter prenatal care. The purpose of this study is to test in a clinical prenatal care setting the effectiveness of the Smoke-Free Moms intervention, which provides pregnant women a series of financial incentives for smoking cessation. ⋯ Financial incentives with existing smoking-cessation counseling by staff in low-income clinical prenatal programs led to cessation that continued during the postpartum period. Further study in larger populations is indicated.
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Energy drinks refer to non-alcoholic beverages that contain caffeine, amino acids, herbs, and vitamins. Although energy drinks are marketed to reduce fatigue and improve physical/mental performance, frequent consumption of these beverages has been linked to negative health consequences. The purpose of this study is to provide timely, national estimates of the percentage of energy drink consumers in the U.S. and to analyze trends in energy drink intake between 2003 and 2016. ⋯ These findings indicate that consumption of energy drinks has grown substantially and that these drinks are a major source of caffeine among those who consume them.
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Prediabetes has been a growing health problem in China, and it is a high-risk state for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In previous studies, low grip strength has been associated with diabetes. However, few population-based studies have examined the relationship between grip strength and prediabetes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether grip strength is related to prediabetes in a large-scale adult population. ⋯ Increased grip strength is independently associated with lower prevalence of prediabetes in Chinese adults, suggesting that grip strength may be a useful marker for screening individuals at risk of prediabetes.
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Although research suggests that youth e-cigarette experimentation is associated with later combustible cigarette experimentation, it is unclear how this relates to habitual smoking. This study assesses how minors' patterns of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette experimentation relate to habitual smoking at ages 18-21 years. ⋯ Minors who tried combustible cigarettes were more likely to be habitual smokers at ages 18-21 years than those who tried e-cigarettes alone.
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Self-reported height and weight may lead to inaccurate estimates of associations between BMI and health indicators. The purpose of this study is to assess anthropometric misreporting in emerging adults, compare weight classification by self-reported and direct measures, and examine associations of self-reported and direct measures with cardiometabolic biomarkers. ⋯ Self-reported and measured BMI were strongly correlated and concordant, providing substantial to near-perfect agreement in weight classification. Findings suggest self-reported BMI in U.S. emerging adults provides nearly identical estimates of associations with cardiometabolic biomarkers.