American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A Randomized Trial of Incentives for Smoking Treatment in Medicaid Members.
Low-income populations are especially likely to smoke and have difficulty quitting. This study evaluated a monetary incentive intended to increase smoking treatment engagement and abstinence among Medicaid recipients who smoke. ⋯ This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02713594.
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Higher sedentary time (ST) and lower moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) have each been associated with greater adiposity, but most studies are cross-sectional and measure ST and MVPA by self-report. This study evaluated associations between objective ST and MVPA with current and 5-year changes in BMI and waist circumference. ⋯ Time spent sedentary was associated with increases in adiposity over time. Reducing sedentary time may be a novel strategy for weight control.
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An important barrier to formulating effective policies to address the rapid rise in U.S. fatal overdoses is that the specific drugs involved are frequently not identified on death certificates. This analysis supplies improved estimates of state opioid and heroin involved drug fatality rates in 2014, and changes from 2008 to 2014. ⋯ The correction procedures developed here supply a more accurate understanding of geographic differences in drug poisonings and supply important information to policymakers attempting to reduce or slow the increase in fatal drug overdoses.
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This study assessed the prevalence of current high-intensity drinking (i.e., having ten or more drinks in a row in the past 2 weeks) among national samples of U.S. eighth and tenth grade students (at modal ages 14 and 16 years, respectively). ⋯ A meaningful percentage of young adolescents in the U.S. engage in high-intensity drinking.
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Hypertension and diabetes, both independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, often coexist. The hypertension-increased medical expenditures by diabetes status is unclear, however. This study estimated annual total medical expenditures in U.S. adults by hypertension and diabetes status. ⋯ Hypertension-increased medical expenditures were substantial and varied by medical service type and payment sources. These findings may be useful as inputs for cost- effectiveness evaluations of hypertension interventions by diabetes status.