American journal of preventive medicine
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Trends of prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension have been documented in the U.S., but changes in medical expenditures associated with hypertension over time have not been evaluated. This study analyzed these expenditures during 2000-2013 among U.S. adults. ⋯ During 2000-2013, annual national medical expenditures associated with hypertension increased significantly. Preventing hypertension could alleviate hypertension-associated economic burden.
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Observational Study
Community Policies and Programs to Prevent Obesity and Child Adiposity.
Evidence regarding impact of community policies and programs (CPPs) to prevent child obesity is limited, and which combinations of strategies and components are most important is not understood. The Healthy Communities Study was an observational study to assess relationships of characteristics and intensity of CPPs with adiposity, diet, and physical activity in children, taking advantage of variation across the U.S. in community actions to prevent child obesity. The study examined the association of CPPs to prevent child obesity with measured BMI and waist circumference, hypothesizing that communities with more-comprehensive CPPs would have children with lower adiposity. ⋯ This study provides plausible evidence that comprehensive CPPs targeting a greater number of distinct physical activity and nutrition behaviors were associated with lower child adiposity.
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The associations of modifiable lifestyle risk factors with incident diabetes are not well investigated in African Americans (AAs). This study investigated the association of modifiable lifestyle risk factors (exercise, diet, smoking, TV watching, and sleep-disordered breathing burden) with incident diabetes among AAs. ⋯ A combination of modifiable lifestyle factors are associated with a lower risk of diabetes among AAs, particularly among those without obesity.
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Because of antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV infection are surviving longer and are at higher risk for chronic diseases. This study's objective was to assess the magnitude of deaths due to cancers for which there are screening recommendations for people living with HIV in Florida. ⋯ These results indicate the importance of primary and secondary cancer prevention during primary care for people living with HIV infection.