American journal of preventive medicine
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Incentivizing Tobacco Helpline Engagement in Persistent Poverty Counties: A Randomized Trial.
Persistent poverty counties (PPCs) are U.S. counties where ≥20% of residents have lived in poverty for ≥30 years. Cancer mortality rates in PPCs are exceptionally high due, in part, to elevated smoking rates. ⋯ Findings support the feasibility and efficacy of offering small FI for completing OTH coaching calls to increase treatment engagement and smoking cessation in PPCs.
-
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are prominent mental health conditions affecting United States service members, only a subset of individuals with these conditions utilize mental healthcare services. Identifying factors associated with mental healthcare utilization may elucidate military subgroups with unmet mental healthcare needs. ⋯ One third of service members with PTSD or depression symptoms reported any mental healthcare use, highlighting the need to identify factors that may impede or delay treatment. Racial and ethnic disparities in treatment utilization persist, as do differences in utilization by military characteristics. Further research and initiatives are necessary to identify potential service-specific or cultural barriers and provide equitable quality and access to needed mental health services within the Military Health System.
-
The aim of this study was to determine the associations between type 2 diabetes or prediabetes and loneliness and related social experiences in young adults, a population at increasingly high risk of type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Loneliness and related experiences are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in young adults. Whether these factors could be leveraged to reduce type 2 diabetes risk should be investigated.
-
The mortality, long-term morbidity, and exacerbated healthcare needs due to firearm injury in the U.S. are significant and growing. However, the relationship between exposure to a nonfatal firearm injury and long-term emergency department (ED) utilization is poorly understood. This study estimates the association between exposure to a nonfatal firearm injury and ED utilization in the subsequent year. ⋯ Nonfatal firearm-related injuries contribute to preventable harm, health inequity, and increased ED utilization.
-
Food as Medicine is increasingly recognized as an important strategy for addressing the related challenges of food insecurity and nutrition-related chronic conditions. Food as Medicine refers to integration of food-based nutrition interventions into healthcare to prevent and treat disease. However, there is limited evidence to understand the effectiveness of Food as Medicine. ⋯ R4H resulted in improvements in diet and multiple clinical health outcomes, such as non-HDL cholesterol and HbA1c.