American journal of preventive medicine
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The U.S. has required chain food establishments-including supermarkets-to display calorie labels on prepared (i.e., ready-to-eat) foods since 2018. Implementation of this supermarket calorie labeling policy reduced purchases of prepared foods from supermarkets, but it remains unknown whether the policy is cost-effective. ⋯ A policy requiring calorie labels on prepared foods in supermarkets was projected to be cost-saving or cost-effective and lead to reductions in obesity across all racial, ethnic, and income groups.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Incentivizing Tobacco Helpline Engagement in Persistent Poverty Counties: A Randomized Trial.
Persistent poverty counties (PPCs) are U.S. counties where ≥20% of residents have lived in poverty for ≥30 years. Cancer mortality rates in PPCs are exceptionally high due, in part, to elevated smoking rates. ⋯ Findings support the feasibility and efficacy of offering small FI for completing OTH coaching calls to increase treatment engagement and smoking cessation in PPCs.
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Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are prominent mental health conditions affecting United States service members, only a subset of individuals with these conditions utilize mental healthcare services. Identifying factors associated with mental healthcare utilization may elucidate military subgroups with unmet mental healthcare needs. ⋯ One third of service members with PTSD or depression symptoms reported any mental healthcare use, highlighting the need to identify factors that may impede or delay treatment. Racial and ethnic disparities in treatment utilization persist, as do differences in utilization by military characteristics. Further research and initiatives are necessary to identify potential service-specific or cultural barriers and provide equitable quality and access to needed mental health services within the Military Health System.
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In 2021, the USPSTF lowered the recommended age of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening initiation from 50 to 45 years. This study assessed clinician response to the updated guideline in a major health system. ⋯ Rapidly following the guideline change, clinicians increased their screening ordering rate for patients aged 45-49 years, indicating almost complete uptake of the recommendation.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with hypertension in women, but few population studies have examined findings among adolescents. This retrospective study examines PCOS and hypertensive blood pressure in a large adolescent population receiving routine healthcare. ⋯ Nearly 1 in 5 adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome had hypertensive blood pressure. Polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with 25% increased adjusted odds of hypertensive blood pressure, emphasizing the importance of blood pressure surveillance in this population with higher cardiometabolic risk.