American journal of preventive medicine
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Recent studies have shown that sitting time is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, independent of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Less is known about the population-attributable fraction for all-cause mortality associated with sitting time, and the gains in life expectancy related to the elimination of this risk factor. ⋯ Assuming that the effect of sitting time on all-cause mortality risk is independent of physical activity, reducing sitting time plays an important role in active lifestyle promotion, which is an important aspect of premature mortality prevention worldwide.
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Observational Study
Ethnic Disparities in Trends in High BMI Among California Adolescents, 2003-2012.
Because California is home to one in eight U.S. children and accounts for the highest Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program spending, childhood obesity trends in California have important implications for the entire nation. California's racial/ethnic diversity and large school-based data set provide a unique opportunity to examine trends by race/ethnicity, including understudied Asian and American Indian youth, which has not been possible using national data sets. This study examined racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of high BMI from 2003 to 2012. ⋯ Based on California's statewide data, there is evidence that racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of high BMI have widened over time. Minority youth have either decreased more slowly or increased in prevalence compared with non-Hispanic white youth. There continues to be an urgent need for policies and interventions that effectively reduce racial/ethnic obesity prevalence disparities.
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Retraction Of Publication
WITHDRAWN: Relative Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Seniors.
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A recent Community Guide systematic review of effectiveness of school-based health centers (SBHCs) showed that SBHCs improved educational and health outcomes. This review evaluates the economic cost and benefit of SBHCs. ⋯ The economic benefit of SBHCs exceeds the intervention operating cost. Further, SBHCs result in net savings to Medicaid.
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Chronic opioid therapy (COT) for chronic non-cancer pain is frequently debated, and its effectiveness is unproven in sickle cell disease (SCD). The authors conducted a descriptive study among 83 adult SCD patients and compared the severity of disease and pain symptoms among those who were prescribed COT (n=29) with those who were not using COT. All patients completed baseline laboratory pain assessment and questionnaires between January 2010 and June 2014. ⋯ Including depressive symptoms in multivariate models did not change the associations between COT and pain, interference, central sensitization, or utilization. Additionally, participants not on COT displayed the expected positive relationship between central sensitization and clinical pain, whereas those on COT demonstrated no such relationship, despite having both higher central sensitization and higher clinical pain. Overall, the results point out a high symptom burden in SCD patients on COT, including those on high-dose COT, and suggest that nociceptive processing in SCD patients on COT differs from those who are not.