American journal of preventive medicine
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Foreign-born persons are considered at higher risk of undervaccination and exposure to many vaccine-preventable diseases. Information on vaccination coverage among foreign-born populations is limited. ⋯ Vaccination coverage is lower among foreign-born adults than those born in the U.S. It is important to consider foreign birth and immigration status when assessing vaccination disparities and planning interventions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Community Diabetes Education (CoDE) program: cost-effectiveness and health outcomes.
Limited evidence exists regarding the long-term effects of community health worker-led diabetes management programs on health outcomes and cost-effectiveness, particularly in low-income, ethnic minority populations. ⋯ A simulated clinical trial suggests that a community health worker-led diabetes intervention is a cost-effective way to reduce diabetes-related complications for uninsured Mexican Americans during a 20-year horizon in comparison to usual medical care.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Implementation intentions and colorectal screening: a randomized trial in safety-net clinics.
Low-income and racial/ethnic minority populations experience disproportionate colorectal cancer (CRC) burden and poorer survival. Novel behavioral strategies are needed to improve screening rates in these groups. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that programs incorporating an implementation intentions approach can contribute to successful completion of CRC screening even among very low-income and diverse primary care populations. Future initiatives to reduce CRC incidence and mortality disparities may be able to employ implementation intentions in large-scale efforts to encourage screening and prevention behaviors.
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Policies to enhance bicycling are correlated with health outcomes. Research has yet to provide an adequate, empirically derived explanation for this finding. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that large cities with more policies aimed at promoting bicycling have fewer overweight/obese residents, partially because the policies are related to supportive bicycling infrastructures that promote bicycling to work.
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Approximately 80% of new HIV infections among U.S. women are among black/African American and Hispanic women. HIV risk may be associated with intimate partner violence (IPV); data regarding IPV for women in high-HIV prevalence areas are scarce. ⋯ Prevention interventions that enhance women's skills to decrease HIV and IPV risk are important strategies for decreasing racial/ethnic disparities among women.