American journal of preventive medicine
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Lifetime direct medical cost of treating type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications in the U.S. is unknown. ⋯ Over the lifetime, type 2 diabetes imposes a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. Effective interventions that prevent or delay type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications might result in substantial long-term savings in healthcare costs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The nutrition and enjoyable activity for teen girls study: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
Obesity prevention among youth of low SES is a public health priority given the higher prevalence of youth obesity in this population subgroup. ⋯ The NEAT Girls intervention did not result in effects on the primary outcome. Further study of youth who are "at risk" of obesity should focus on strategies to improve retention and adherence in prevention programs.
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Access to health care, particularly effective primary and secondary preventive care, is critical for cancer survivors, in order to minimize the adverse sequelae of cancer and its treatment. ⋯ Although access and preventive care use in cancer survivors is generally equivalent or greater compared to that of other individuals, disparities for uninsured and publicly insured cancer survivors aged 18-64 years suggest that improvements in survivor care are needed.
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Pragmatic measures are important to facilitate implementation and dissemination, address stakeholder issues, and drive quality improvement. This paper proposes necessary and recommended criteria for pragmatic measures, provides examples of projects to develop and identify such measures, addresses potential concerns about these recommendations, and identifies areas for future research and application. ⋯ There is an important need for pragmatic measures to facilitate pragmatic research, guide quality improvement, and inform progress on public health goals, but few examples are currently available. Development and evaluation of pragmatic measures and metrics would provide useful resources to advance science, policy, and practice.
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Walk Score® and Transit Score® are open-source measures of the neighborhood built environment to support walking ("walkability") and access to transportation. ⋯ Walk Score and Transit Score appear to be useful as measures of walkability in analyses of neighborhood effects.