American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A cluster randomized trial of sun protection at elementary schools. Results from year 2.
Elementary schools are one potential venue for sun protection interventions that reduce childhood sun exposure. ⋯ This intervention increased use of hats at school through Year 2 but had no measurable effect on skin pigmentation or nevi. Whether school-based interventions can ultimately prevent skin cancer is uncertain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of a weight-loss website based on positive deviance. A randomized trial.
Web-based interventions for weight control could promote more-widespread dissemination of weight-loss opportunities; however, they remain limited in effectiveness. Incorporating weight-control practices used by individuals with long-term weight-loss success ("positive deviants") may improve the efficacy of web-based weight control interventions. ⋯ User-generated weight-loss practices from "positive deviants" could promote weight control in web-based interventions; however, further research is needed to improve program efficacy.
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Insufficient sleep among adolescents is common and has adverse health and behavior consequences. Understanding associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviors with sleep duration could shed light on ways to promote sufficient sleep. ⋯ Daily physical activity for ≥60 minutes and limited computer use are associated with sufficient sleep among adolescents.
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The GPS represents an innovative way to objectively assess the spatial locations of physical activity behavior. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the capability of GPS to collect high-quality data on the location of activities in research on the relationship between physical activity and the environment. ⋯ GPS is a promising tool for improving understanding of the spatial context of physical activity. The current findings suggest that the choice of an appropriate device and efforts to maximize participant adherence are key to improving data quality, especially over longer study periods.
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Although China is the most coveted cigarette market worldwide, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on health. ⋯ Exposure to ETS increased the risks of respiratory symptoms in Chinese school-aged children and was associated with impaired lung function growth. A dose-response relationship was observed for the latter effect.