American journal of preventive medicine
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In 1999, Determinants of Community Health was introduced at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. The course spanned all 4 years of the undergraduate curriculum and focused on addressing individual patient and community needs, prevention and population health, and diverse learning contexts. ⋯ For the same amount of curricular time, an integrated spiral curriculum for teaching public health appears to be more effective than traditional approaches.
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Two vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), a necessary cause of cervical cancer, are currently licensed and recommended for routine administration in the U.S. to girls in a three-dose series. ⋯ HPV vaccination completion rates increased between 2008 and 2009. However, significant differences by race/ethnicity and poverty were observed, and the racial/ethnic differences persisted.
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The Task Force on Community Preventive Services recommends the use of dram shop liability laws, on the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness in preventing and reducing alcohol-related harms. The Task Force found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of overservice law enforcement initiatives as a means to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and related harms, because too few studies were identified and findings were inconsistent.