American journal of preventive medicine
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Minimizing emergency medical service (EMS) response time is a central objective of prehospital care, yet the potential influence of built environment features such as urban sprawl on EMS system performance is often not considered. ⋯ Urban sprawl is significantly associated with increased EMS response time and a higher probability of delayed ambulance arrival following motor-vehicle crashes in the U.S. The results of this study suggest that promotion of community design and development that follows smart-growth principles and regulates urban sprawl may improve EMS performance and reliability.
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People who hunt deer from elevated tree stands may improve the chances of a successful hunt but also risk serious injury from a fall to the ground. ⋯ Falls from tree stands associated with deer hunting are an increasing and important cause of injuries, especially for older hunters. Surveillance for tree stand-related injuries should be enhanced and preventive initiatives developed and tested.
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This article examines factors responsible for the stark racial disparities in HIV infection in the U. S. and the now concentrated epidemic among African Americans. ⋯ The social and economic environment in which many African Americans live shapes sexual network patterns and increases personal infection risk almost independently of personal behavior. The African-American HIV epidemic constitutes a national crisis whose successful resolution will require modifying the social and economic systems, structures, and processes that facilitate HIV transmission in this population.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Telephone recruitment into a randomized controlled trial of quitline support.
Only 1%-7% of adult smokers use quitlines annually. Active telephone recruitment may increase utilization and enroll new groups of quitline users. ⋯ Active telephone recruitment has the potential to substantially increase the proportion of smokers using quitline services at a reasonable cost. This method also engages smokers currently under-represented in quitline populations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Breast cancer screening among Vietnamese Americans: a randomized controlled trial of lay health worker outreach.
Vietnamese-American women underutilize breast cancer screening. ⋯ Lay health workers increased breast cancer screening among Vietnamese-American women.Future research should focus on how LHWs work and whether LHW outreach can be disseminated to other ethnic groups [corrected].