American journal of preventive medicine
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Two of the major goals of tobacco prevention and control activities are to change social norms and influence policy. The news media can play an important role for achieving both goals. ⋯ Tobacco-related media coverage can be systematically tracked and characterized. These findings may have value to public health researchers and policymakers who wish to evaluate efforts to curb tobacco-related disease.
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Several studies have shown wide variations in the delivery of hospital-based care to patients with acute ischemic stroke. The findings of these studies suggest that recommendations drawn from published evidence-based or consensus-based guidelines are implemented inconsistently. Although rates of adherence to stroke quality indicators can be increased through the use of targeted quality improvement (QI) efforts, stroke QI programs are still in their infancy. ⋯ Key barriers to long-term success of these programs include inadequate funding at the local and national level, lack of infrastructure to support electronic data capture for QI as part of the process of patient care, lack of a single clearinghouse for uniform data definitions and performance indicator descriptions, competing survey instruments to monitor hospitalized stroke care, and constraints on inpatient and post-discharge data collection imposed by the new Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule. In addition, the competing needs of registry activities (e.g., complete case ascertainment) versus QI efforts (e.g., incremental tests of change) must be balanced. Potential solutions include: (1) financial incentives to healthcare providers and institutions for participation in QI initiatives; (2) financial incentives to healthcare providers and institutions for measurable improvements in care; (3) mandatory data reporting on key measures of stroke care; and (4) promotion of active and sustainable collaborations among key stakeholders including healthcare providers (e.g., physicians, nurses), healthcare organizations (e.g., hospitals, physicians' groups), quality improvement organizations, health payers and insurers, public health departments, and state and federal health agencies to create a single national stroke registry for stroke QI.
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The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry prototypes baseline data collection demonstrated a significant gap in the use of evidenced-based interventions. Barriers to the use of these interventions can be characterized as relating to lack of knowledge, attitudes, and ineffective behaviors and systems. Quality improvement programs can address these issues by providing didactic presentations to disseminate the science and peer interactions to address the lack of belief in the evidence, guidelines, and likelihood of improved patient outcomes. ⋯ The participation of many hospitals also creates momentum for the adoption of change by demonstrating observable and successful improvement. Data collection and feedback are useful to demonstrate the need for change and evaluate the impact of system change, but improvement occurs very slowly without a quality improvement program. This quality improvement framework provides hospitals with the capacity and support to redesign systems, and has been shown to improve stroke care considerably, when coupled with an Internet-based decision support registry, and at a much more rapid pace than when hospitals use only the support registry.
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Despite proven efficacy, thrombolytics are used in a minority of eligible candidates. Because some of the exclusion criteria are vague, relying on documented contraindications could disguise biases in usage. This study sought to identify barriers to tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment among eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke. ⋯ Even when more-comprehensive eligibility standards are applied, older age and later hospital arrival are associated with nontreatment with thrombolytics.
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Comprehension of food labels can be important for patients, including those with chronic illness, to help follow dietary recommendations. Patient comprehension of food labels was examined, along with the relationship of comprehension to their underlying literacy and numeracy skills. ⋯ Patients demonstrated deficits in understanding nutrition labels. Poor label comprehension was highly correlated with low-level literacy and numeracy skills, but even patients with higher literacy could have difficulties interpreting labels. Providers need to consider patients' literacy and numeracy when providing dietary recommendations. Opportunities may exist for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to promote changes to make food labels more comprehensible.