American journal of preventive medicine
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Implementation of screening guidelines for domestic violence has been challenging. The multifaceted "systems model" may provide an effective means to improve domestic violence screening, identification, and intervention in the healthcare setting. ⋯ A systems model approach improved domestic violence services in a managed care health setting within 1 year and affected clinicians' behavior as well as health plan members' experience. This successful implementation makes it possible to address critical research questions about the impact of a healthcare intervention for victims of domestic violence in a managed healthcare setting.
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Law enforcement officers play an important role in promoting firearm safety. This study examined their firearm-related attitudes and practices. ⋯ Despite the law enforcement officers' prominent role in firearm safety promotion and support for initiatives that limit unauthorized access, our study found that many do not practice safe storage. Apparently, many officers keep their firearms stored unlocked and loaded for the purpose of protecting themselves and their families. Addressing concerns about personal safety is a necessary step in promoting safe storage to law enforcement officers.
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Review Comparative Study
Methods for priority setting among clinical preventive services.
Methods used to compare the value of clinical preventive services based on two criteria-clinically preventable burden (CPB) and cost effectiveness (CE)-are described. A companion article provides rankings of clinical preventive services and discusses its uses for decision-makers; this article focuses on the methods, challenges faced, and solutions. ⋯ S. Preventive Services Task Force and developed methods essential to ensuring valid comparisons of different services' relative value.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Impact of an Australian mass media campaign targeting physical activity in 1998.
Physical activity is now a public health priority, but there is only limited evidence on the effectiveness of mass-reach campaigns. ⋯ This integrated campaign positively influenced short-term physical activity message recall, knowledge, and behavior of the target population, compared to the population in the region who were not exposed.
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Determination of the occupational risk of hepatitis B and C to public safety workers is important in identifying prevention opportunities and has significant legal and policy implications. ⋯ Data suggest that emergency medical service (EMS) providers are at increased risk of contracting hepatitis B, but data have failed to show an increased prevalence of hepatitis C. EMS providers have exposure risks similar to those of hospital-based healthcare workers. Other public safety workers appear to have lower rates of exposure. Urban areas have much higher prevalence of disease, and public safety workers in those areas are likely to experience a higher incidence of exposure events.