American journal of preventive medicine
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African Americans have lower rates of physical activity (PA) than Caucasians. Although correlates of PA have been studied in many populations, little is known about the influences on physical activity for African Americans, particularly African-American men. ⋯ Various factors influenced PA in men and women, suggesting a need for gender targeting in addition to cultural adaptations in PA interventions for African Americans.
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Promotional offers on cigarettes (e.g., dollar-off, multipack discounts) composed the largest share of tobacco industry marketing expenditures, totaling $8.9 billion, or 72% of the total budget in 2002. Internal industry documents indicate that young adults, potential quitters, and other price-sensitive groups are the targets of these marketing tactics. How effective they are in actually reaching these groups in the general population of smokers has not yet been investigated. ⋯ With the exception of smokers intending to quit, cigarette promotional offers are effectively reaching most industry-targeted groups. Importantly, young adults, who have the greatest long-term customer potential, are responding.
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The goal of the National Smallpox Vaccination Program was to vaccinate a cadre of healthcare workers and first responders who could care for smallpox patients in the event of an attack. ⋯ Many people who chose not to receive smallpox vaccine perceived their personal risk-benefit balance as not favoring vaccination. The success of future smallpox vaccination efforts or vaccination against other bioterrorist health threats depends on addressing potential barriers to participation including compensation and liability issues, in addition to clearly communicating risks and benefits.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A community-based trial of an online intimate partner violence CME program.
There is a broad need to improve physician continuing medical education (CME) in the management of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, there are only a few examples of successful IPV CME programs, and none of these are suitable for widespread distribution. ⋯ The Internet-based CME program was clearly effective in improving long-term individual educational outcomes, including self-reported IPV practices. This type of CME may be an effective and less costly alternative to live IPV training sessions and workshops.
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Ethnic disparities in healthcare quality have been documented, but knowledge of differences in cardiovascular risk factor prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites remains incomplete. ⋯ The significantly higher prevalence of diabetes in Mexican Americans, in contrast to hypertension and dyslipidemia, may sensitize healthcare providers to its detection and treatment. Communicating the importance of hypertension and dyslipidemia is essential for eliminating disparities.