American journal of preventive medicine
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Although family history information on cancer is used to infer risk of the disease in population-based, case-control, cohort, or family-based studies, little information is available on the accuracy of a proband's report. In this study, we sought to determine the validity of the reporting of family history of cancer by probands in population-based and clinic-based family registries of breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. ⋯ We found high reliability of probands' reporting on most cancer sites when they reported on first-degree relatives and moderate reliability for their reporting on second- and third-degree relatives. Overreporting of cancer was rare (2.4%). Race or ethnicity and gender of the proband did not influence the accuracy of reporting. However, degree of relationship to the proband, type of cancer, age at diagnosis of the proband, and source of ascertainment of probands were statistically significant predictors of accuracy of reporting.
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Firearm-related injuries are a serious public health problem in the United States. Despite the magnitude of this problem, prior national estimates of nonfatal, firearm-related morbidity have been limited to an emergency department-based surveillance system. The objective of this study was to assess and report the information available on firearm-related injuries in an existing national database, derived from hospital discharge data. ⋯ Firearm-related injuries rank highest among all conditions in the number of uninsured hospital stays, and the average LOS is much longer compared to other medical conditions. National estimates derived from the NIS are consistent with previous estimates, and NIS provides additional information not available from other data sources.
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Exercise training for African Americans with disabilities residing in difficult social environments.
To examine the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a structured 12-week exercise training program for a predominantly African-American group of adults with multiple health conditions who reside in difficult social environments. ⋯ A structured exercise-training program can provide substantial improvement in strength and cardiovascular fitness in low-income, sedentary adults with multiple chronic conditions and/or risk factors for chronic conditions. Future research should explore simple home-based and community-based physical activity interventions that provide ongoing support for increasing and maintaining physical activity participation in this cohort.
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Few population-based studies have assessed the physical and mental health consequences of both psychological and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among women or men victims. This study estimated IPV prevalence by type (physical, sexual, and psychological) and associated physical and mental health consequences among women and men. ⋯ Both physical and psychological IPV are associated with significant physical and mental health consequences for both male and female victims.