American journal of preventive medicine
-
According to the findings of a health survey conducted among 906 young, middle-aged, and elderly residents of an economically depressed area of Alameda County, California, health status is more strongly associated with income than with race, particularly among middle-aged residents. Although income is also significantly associated with health among both young and elderly residents, it is of little substantive importance. These findings support previous research showing that a measure of income difference (less than $6,500 a year), even among residents of a depressed area, can be sufficiently sensitive to identify a group in poor health. More important, the relationship between low income and poor health is most pronounced among middle-aged residents, indicating that the public health needs of these people deserve special attention.
-
Results of adult telephone interview data from aggregated state surveys show significant chronic alcohol use (two or more drinks per day) by 8.7 percent of the U. S. population. Rates are higher in men than in women (13.8 percent versus 4.0 percent, and higher in whites than in blacks (9.1 percent versus 4.5 percent). ⋯ Overweight women (2.7 percent) and those who eat in response to stress (3.1 percent) have lower rates of chronic heavy alcohol use than those without these risk factors. Alcohol-related morbidity contributes substantially to the loss of productive life. We conclude that examining alcohol consumption in the light of other lifestyle behaviors would help in the design of effective prevention programs based on multiple risk factor interventions.
-
Behavioral risk factor (BRF) telephone surveys were conducted by 28 states and the District of Columbia from April 1981 through October 1983 to obtain baseline prevalence estimates for risk factors associated with the leading causes of death among adults. A supplemental survey was conducted to cover the remaining states (except Hawaii) in order to provide individual states with national-level data for comparison purposes. The complex sampling designs and variable sampling rates among state surveys required the computation of sample weights before estimates on a national level could be made. ⋯ The BRF national prevalence estimate of chronic heavier drinking is 8.7 percent, equivalent to the 1979 National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) estimate of 9 percent. The BRF estimate of 31.5 percent for current smokers compares closely with the 32.6 percent estimated by the 1980 Health Interview Survey. Despite recognized technical limitations, this type of telephone survey can be a practical and affordable source of information both for initially gathering prevalence data and for monitoring trends in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors of public health concern.
-
The prevalence of most behavioral risk factors varies substantially among states. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking ranges from 22 percent to 38 percent. ⋯ The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle, uncontrolled hypertension, overweight, and seatbelt use differs markedly among states. These findings represent an initial step toward the analysis of state-specific baseline risk-factor data for use in developing state programs aimed at reducing the leading causes of death in the United States.