American journal of preventive medicine
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The effectiveness of prenatal iron supplementation improves maternal hematological outcomes, but little research has focused on child outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess whether prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to maternal needs improves children's cognitive functioning. ⋯ Prenatal iron supplementation adjusted to the maternal hemoglobin levels and baseline iron stores improves cognitive functioning in children aged 4 years.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of death in U.S. women. Peak oxygen uptake is strongly related to mortality and CVD. This study aimed to investigate the association between estimated peak oxygen uptake, determined using a moderate 1-km walking test, and all-cause mortality in female patients with stable CVD. ⋯ Higher peak oxygen uptake levels were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. The indirect estimation of peak oxygen uptake using the 1-km walking test is feasible and can be applied for risk stratification among female patients undergoing secondary prevention programs.
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Observational Study
Racial/ethnic disparities in vicarious and direct COVID-19-related discrimination and vigilance.
The high visibility of COVID-19-related discrimination underscores the importance of understanding the psychological harms associated with vicariously and directly experiencing such incidents. In this observational study, both vicariously and directly experienced COVID-19-related discrimination and their association with heightened concerns about discrimination and vigilance were examined in U.S. adults who use commercial tobacco. ⋯ COVID-19-related discrimination may undermine the psychological well-being of those who are exposed to it vicariously as well as those who experience it directly and may also make individuals feel vulnerable and unsafe. Interventions to prevent and reduce the impact of COVID-19-related discrimination may have wide-reaching societal benefits.
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Obesity and proinflammatory conditions are associated with increased risks of cancer. The associations of baseline allostatic load with cancer mortality and whether this association is modified by body mass index (BMI) were examined. ⋯ The risk of cancer death is highest among those with high allostatic load and obese BMI, but this effect was attenuated among those with high allostatic load and underweight/healthy or overweight BMI.
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Observational Study
PARTICIPATION IN CENTERINGPREGNANCY PROGRAM AND PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION.
CenteringPregnancy emphasizes nutrition, learning, and peer support through a group meeting format in contrast to the standard of prenatal care that maximizes a pregnant patient's time with their provider. It was hypothesized that the program may yield a reduced risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension. In this observational study, authors examined the impacts of the CenteringPregnancy program versus those of standard of prenatal care on pregnancy-induced hypertension. ⋯ Participation in CenteringPregnancy was associated with higher odds of pregnancy-induced hypertension, particularly gestational hypertension, than participation in standard of prenatal care. Additional research is warranted to definitely rule out selection bias and identify contributing factor(s) that increased pregnancy-induced hypertension despite efforts to improve pregnancy-related health outcomes among CenteringPregnancy participants.