American journal of preventive medicine
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Americans of lower SES use tobacco products at disproportionately high rates and are over-represented as patients of emergency departments. Accordingly, emergency department visits are an ideal time to initiate tobacco treatment and aftercare for this vulnerable and understudied population. This research estimates the costs per quit of emergency department smoking-cessation interventions and compares them with those of other approaches. ⋯ Costs varied considerably per method used but were comparable with those of other smoking cessation interventions.
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Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, but evidence regarding former smoking and moist snuff (snus) use and Type 2 diabetes risk is inconclusive. This study investigated the relationships of cigarette smoking and Swedish snus use with the risk of Type 2 diabetes in a cohort of middle-aged and elderly participants. ⋯ This study indicates that current and former smoking are associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and older individuals. There was less evidence of an association of snus use with the risk of Type 2 diabetes, suggesting that compounds other than nicotine may underlie the detrimental association of smoking with the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
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Percentage Up to Date With Chest Computed Tomography Among Those Eligible for Lung Cancer Screening.
Authors aimed to calculate the percentage up-to-date with testing in the context of lung cancer screening across 5 healthcare systems and evaluate differences according to patient and health system characteristics. ⋯ The percentage up-to-date with testing among those eligible for lung cancer screening is well below up-to-date estimates for other types of cancer screening, and disparities in lung cancer screening participation remain.
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Changes to which age groups are recommended for mammography may have affected screening rates for all women. This spillover effect has not previously been shown empirically in a national sample. ⋯ Deimplementation is difficult and important for controlling healthcare spending and delivering high value care. However, states most successful at reducing mammography screening rates among those aged 40-49 years and 75+ years also had greater reductions in recommended screening among women aged 50-74 years. More work is needed to understand and mitigate the unintended consequences of deimplementation.
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This study investigated the intersectionality of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among subgroups of sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. ⋯ Although studies have examined ACEs by individual demographic variables, less is known about the extent to which ACEs are present in stratified subgroups. Sexual minority subgroups (particularly female bisexual subgroups) trend toward a higher number of ACEs, whereas heterosexual subgroups (regardless of sex) comprised the lowest 6 groups with respect to ACEs. Implications include further examination of bisexual and female subgroups (including specific ACE domain investigations) to identify the vulnerable population.