American journal of preventive medicine
-
Healthy default beverage laws are relatively new interventions designed to improve the healthfulness of children's meals in restaurants. In this study, researchers assessed adherence to healthy default beverage laws among children's meals ordered online in Los Angeles (California statewide law effective from September 2018), Baltimore (effective from April 2018), and New York City (effective from April 2019) compared with that in Boston, where no law existed. ⋯ Overall adherence was low and variable across jurisdictions. Adherence may be lower in jurisdictions with fewer allowable default beverages, although more research is needed to assess this potential causal relation. In addition to increased resources and support for restaurants, additional policy design considerations may be necessary to increase adherence to healthy default beverage laws.
-
Novel strategies are needed to address barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among people experiencing homelessness (PEH), a population that faces increased COVID-19 risk. Although growing evidence suggests that financial incentives for vaccination are acceptable to PEH, their impact on uptake is unknown. This study aimed to assess whether offering $50 gift cards was associated with the uptake of the first doses of COVID-19 vaccine among PEH in Los Angeles County. ⋯ Financial incentives may be an effective tool for increasing vaccine uptake among PEH, but important ethical considerations must be made to avoid coercion of vulnerable populations.
-
Observational Study
Gait Speed and Cardiovascular Disease by Glycemic Status.
The aim of this study was to clarify whether the association of gait speed with the incidence of cardiovascular disease depends on baseline glycemic status. ⋯ The relationship of subjective gait speed with the risk of cardiovascular disease was amplified in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes mellitus, suggesting that maintaining exercise capacity could be more important in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance for preventing cardiovascular disease.
-
Opioid-involved overdose mortality is a persistent public health challenge, yet limited evidence exists on the relationship between opioid use disorder treatment after a nonfatal overdose and subsequent overdose death. ⋯ Buprenorphine treatment after nonfatal opioid-involved overdose was associated with a 62% reduction in the risk of opioid-involved overdose death. However, fewer than 1 in 20 individuals received buprenorphine in the subsequent year, highlighting a need to strengthen care connections after critical opioid-related events, particularly for vulnerable groups.
-
Asian American subgroups experience heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease, but differences in hypertension-related cardiovascular disease mortality between Asian American subgroups is not known. ⋯ There was up to two-fold variation in hypertension-related cardiovascular disease mortality among Asian American subgroups. All subgroups experienced higher proportional mortality for hypertension-related cardiovascular disease compared with non-Hispanic White individuals.