American journal of preventive medicine
-
Little attention has been paid to the influence of individually measured social determinants of health on cancer screening tests in the Medicaid population. ⋯ Severe social determinants of health measured at the individual level are associated with lower cancer preventive screening. A targeted approach that addresses the social and economic adversities that affect cancer screening could result in higher preventive screening rates in this Medicaid population.
-
Authors aimed to evaluate the economic and health impacts of three influenza vaccines available in China, including trivalent inactivated vaccine, quadrivalent inactivated vaccine, and live attenuated influenza vaccine, for children aged six months to 18 years. ⋯ Trivalent inactivated vaccine was cost-effective compared with no vaccination in children aged six months to 18 years. Of the three vaccination strategies for children aged 3-18 months, quadrivalent inactivated vaccine appears to be the most cost-effective.
-
The Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends testing all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and testing HBsAg-positive pregnant women for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA). HBsAg-positive pregnant persons are recommended by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases to receive regular monitoring, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and HBV DNA and antiviral therapy for active hepatitis and to prevent perinatal HBV transmission if HBV DNA level is >200,000 IU/mL. ⋯ This study suggests that as many as half a million (∼14%) pregnant persons who gave birth each year were not tested for HBsAg to prevent perinatal transmission. More than 50% of HBsAg-positive persons did not receive the recommended HBV-directed monitoring tests during pregnancy and after delivery.
-
Many Americans exceed the dietary recommendations for added sugars. Healthy People 2030 set a population target mean of 11.5% calories from added sugars for persons aged ≥2 years. This paper describes the reductions needed in population groups with varying added sugars intake to meet this target using four different public health approaches. ⋯ The Healthy People 2030 added sugars target is achievable with modest reductions in added sugars intake, ranging from 14 to 57 calories/day depending on the approach.