American journal of preventive medicine
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Life's Essential 8 and 10-Year and Lifetime Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in China.
Cardiovascular health level according to the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) in China and its effectiveness on the 10-year and lifetime risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is unclear. ⋯ The LE8 score was below optimal levels in Chinese adults. A high baseline LE8 score and an improving LE8 score were associated with decreased 10-year and lifetime risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Although the relationship between tax and price and youth cigarette use is well established, little is known about these associations and youth e-cigarette use. This research examines U.S. youth sensitivity to changes in e-cigarette prices and tax using standardized measures of e-cigarette taxes and prices. ⋯ Higher prices and taxes reduce youth current e-cigarette use and days using e-cigarettes. Policies increasing e-cigarette prices, such as excise taxes, can reduce youth current e-cigarette use and days using e-cigarettes.
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Over the past 2 decades in the U.S., the reduced burden and narrowed inequality in oral health among children are in stark contrast with the high burden and widening inequality in adult oral health. This study aimed to explore the burden, trends, and inequalities of untreated caries in permanent teeth in the U.S. during 1990-2019. ⋯ The oral healthcare system in the U.S. needs to prioritize health promotion and prevention with a focus on expanding access, affordability, and equity.
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In adults, behavioral-based interventions support prevention of Type 2 diabetes; less is known in children. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the impact of behavioral-based interventions on cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk for diabetes. ⋯ Behavioral-based interventions improved weight status and supported the maintenance of cardiometabolic parameters. Stronger consideration of the most important risk factors in children along with intermediate outcomes (e.g., diet quality) may help to elucidate the relationship between behavioral-based interventions and cardiometabolic outcomes.
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The generalizability of study findings may be influenced by pre-enrollment trial procedures, including the use of behavioral run-in periods. The study goals were to determine whether behavioral run-in periods and other pre-enrollment processes affect outcomes in randomized trials of behavioral weight loss interventions that have contributed to clinical guidelines. ⋯ The use of more pre-enrollment processes is associated with greater weight loss in behavioral weight loss trials and may impact the generalizability of outcomes.