American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Air Quality Index and Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Intervention.
To reduce air pollution exposure, the U.S. asthma guidelines recommend that children check the Air Quality Index before outdoor activity. Whether adding the Air Quality Index and recommendations to asthma action plans reduces exacerbations and improves control and quality of life in children with asthma is unknown. ⋯ Addition of the Air Quality Index to asthma action plans led to improved asthma control by Asthma Control Test scores but may decrease outdoor activity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Naming Matters: Prompting Smaller Portions in an Online RCT.
Large portions, which can lead people to eat more, are becoming increasingly common in U.S. restaurants. This study tested whether portion-size descriptions on menus and different pricing strategies influence the selection of smaller portion sizes. ⋯ Portion-size descriptions on restaurant menus, even with nonlinear pricing, are a low-cost strategy to promote the selection of lower-calorie, smaller portions without restricting choice.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
mHealth to Support Outdoor Gym Resistance Training: The ecofit Effectiveness RCT.
In Australia, 45% of adults meet the aerobic recommendations, and only 9%-30% meet the resistance training guidelines. Given the lack of at-scale community-based interventions promoting resistance training, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of an innovative mHealth intervention on upper- and lower-body muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and social-cognitive mediators among a sample of community-dwelling adults. ⋯ This study has shown that a mHealth intervention promoting resistance training using the built environment can improve muscular fitness, physical activity behavior, and related cognitions in a community sample of adults.
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Natural experiments can strengthen evidence linking neighborhood food retail presence to dietary intake patterns and cardiometabolic health outcomes, yet sample size and follow-up duration are typically not extensive. To complement natural experiment evidence, longitudinal data were used to estimate the impacts of neighborhood food retail presence on incident disease. ⋯ Food environment changes continue to be studied to provide an evidence base for policy decisions, and null findings in this longitudinal analysis add literature that casts doubt on the sufficiency of strategies targeting food retail presence alone of an elderly cohort for curtailing incident events of clinical importance.
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The objective of this study was to determine the rates and trends in the reporting of preferred language, socioeconomic factors, sexual orientation, and gender identity in published pediatric clinical trials. ⋯ Preferred language, socioeconomic factors, sexual orientation, and gender identity were infrequently reported in pediatric clinical trial results despite these characteristics being increasingly recognized as social determinants of health. To achieve more inclusiveness and to reduce unmeasured disparities, these characteristics should be incorporated into routine trial registration, design, funding decisions, and reporting.