American journal of preventive medicine
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Focusing on subpopulations that express the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination but are unvaccinated may improve the yield of COVID-19 vaccination efforts. ⋯ A sizable percentage of adults open to receiving COVID-19 vaccination remain in several demographic groups. Emphasizing engagement of persons who are unvaccinated in some racial/ethnic groups, aged 18-39 years, without health insurance, or with lower income may reach more persons open to vaccination.
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Firearm violence is a public health crisis. Municipalities are frequently prevented from adopting firearm-related laws because of state preemption-when the state limits local authority to enact laws on a specific topic. Yet, it is unknown the extent to which municipalities enact firearm-related laws under varying preemption regimes, the content of such laws, and how municipal laws relate to the state's firearm-policy framework. ⋯ When not constrained by state preemption, local lawmakers actively passed firearm-related legislation. Many such laws are specific to local contexts and may reflect local lawmakers' responsiveness to constituent concerns.
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Historical and recent population health issues necessitate the goal of educating and preparing a transdisciplinary workforce with population health knowledge and competence to be able to develop, implement, and evaluate innovative and feasible solutions that not only address multifaceted community health problems downstream but also to be able to predict and prevent those factors that contribute to an inequitable health burden upstream. To identify where population health education is already shared among multiple disciplines, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Academic Partnerships to Improve Health program conceptualized the Health In All Education initiative that was implemented in partnership with the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. ⋯ This article introduces the Health in All Education Learning Outcomes Framework, a set of shared population health concepts identified on the basis of discipline-representative consensus. The following domains were identified as having transdisciplinary applicability on the basis of established public health curricula, competency, and learning outcome models: determinants of health, evidence-based approaches, population health focus, interprofessional practice, community collaboration, environmental health, occupational health, global health, diversity/cultural competence, health systems, finance and budgeting, and health law and policy.
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Socioeconomic factors and genetic predisposition are established risk factors for dementia. It remains unclear whether associations of socioeconomic deprivation with dementia incidence are modified by genetic risk. ⋯ Individual-level and area-level socioeconomic deprivation were associated with increased dementia risk. Dementia prevention interventions may be particularly effective if targeted to households and areas with fewer socioeconomic resources, regardless of genetic vulnerability.
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Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk for peripheral artery disease. It is unknown whether smokeless tobacco, a noncombustible form of tobacco exposure, is also associated with increased peripheral artery disease risk. Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we tested the hypothesis that the use of smokeless tobacco is associated with a higher risk of developing peripheral artery disease. ⋯ Current smokeless tobacco use was associated with high rates of peripheral artery disease, similar to cigarette smoking. Future research should evaluate the effect of cessation of noncombustible tobacco on incident peripheral artery disease.