Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jul 2012
Case ReportsThe safety and efficacy of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in patients post liver transplantation: a case series.
The role of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among liver transplant recipients is largely unknown given the rarity of this population and the paucity of literature on the subject. ⋯ Based on this case series, anti-TNF therapy appears to be safe and effective for treating refractory IBD in patients post liver transplantation. These patients respond to anti-TNF therapy similar to those who have not been previously transplanted.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jun 2012
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in biliary colic.
Biliary colic is a common manifestation of cholelithiasis, developing in about one-third of patients. Even if nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have widely been used to relieve biliary pain, there is a lack of systematic review of treatments on this issue. ⋯ In patients with biliary colic NSAIDs are the first-choice treatments as they control pain with the same efficacy of opioids and significantly reduce the proportion of patients with severe complications. However, the lack of high-quality RCTs and the presence of consistent heterogeneity among studies may partially flaw these results.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jun 2012
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.
Diarrhoea is a common occurrence in association with antibiotic administration. Earlier studies and meta-analyses have suggested that probiotic administration reduces the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). ⋯ This updated meta-analysis confirms earlier results supporting the preventive effects of probiotics in AAD.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jun 2012
The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is an effective triage marker following staggered paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose.
The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is an effective triage marker following single time point paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, but has not been evaluated following staggered (multiple supratherapeutic doses over >8 h, resulting in cumulative dose of >4 g/day) overdoses. ⋯ A SOFA score <6 at tertiary care admission following a staggered paracetamol overdose, is associated with a good prognosis. Both the SOFA and APACHE II scores could improve triage of high-risk staggered paracetamol overdose patients.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · May 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA randomised, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effects of tapentadol and oxycodone on gastrointestinal and colonic transit in healthy humans.
Tapentadol is a mu-opioid receptor agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. In clinical trials, tapentadol provided somatic pain relief comparable to mu-opioids such as oxycodone, with significantly less gastrointestinal adverse effects. The acute effects of tapentadol on gastrointestinal and colonic transit are unclear. ⋯ Tapentadol significantly delayed gastric emptying t1/2 and small bowel transit, similar to oxycodone. These data suggest that acute administration of tapentadol may not have significant advantages over standard mu-opioids, in terms of the potential to avoid upper gastrointestinal motor dysfunction.