Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Aug 2008
Cost-effectiveness analysis on screening for colorectal neoplasm and management of colorectal cancer in Asia.
Faecal occult blood testing (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) and colonoscopy are recommended for subjects above 50 years of age for screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). ⋯ FOBT is cost-effective compared to FS or colonoscopy for CRC screening in average-risk individuals aged from 50 to 80 years.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialClinical trial: effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (strains E/N, Oxy and Pen) in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children.
Convincing evidence that probiotic administration can lower the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is limited to certain micro-organisms. ⋯ Administration of L. rhamnosus (strains E/N, Oxy and Pen) to children receiving antibiotics reduced the risk of any diarrhoea, as defined in this study.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jun 2008
Randomized Controlled TrialClinical trial: normal diet vs. partial replacement with oral E028 formula for the prevention of gastrointestinal toxicity in cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.
Acute gastrointestinal symptoms affect 90% of patients during pelvic radiotherapy. Elemental diet is protective in animal models. A nonrandomized study suggested benefit from a partial elemental diet. A pilot study suggested that radiotherapy patients only tolerate oral elemental diet comprising one-third of total calories for 3 weeks. ⋯ Patients cannot tolerate large volumes of oral elemental diet. The quantities consumed in this study produced no therapeutic benefit. Future studies should aim to replace a higher proportion of nutritional intake for a longer duration of radiotherapy treatment.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · May 2008
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: ertapenem for complicated intra-abdominal infections.
Ertapenem is a new member of the carbapenem class of antibiotics, with a favourable pharmacokinetic profile, but a narrower spectrum of antimicrobial activity, compared with older representatives of this class. ⋯ This meta-analysis provides additional evidence that ertapenem can be used as effectively and safely, as other recommended antimicrobial regimens, for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections, particularly of mild-to-moderate severity.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · May 2008
ReviewSystematic review: tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Tranexamic acid may reduce upper gastrointestinal bleeding and stabilize patients before endoscopic treatments. ⋯ The present review suggests that tranexamic acid may reduce all-cause mortality. However, because of limitations in the internal and external validity of included trials, additional evidence is needed before treatment recommendations can be made.