Brain injury : [BI]
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Falls in young children with minor head injury: A prospective analysis of injury mechanisms.
Fall is a common mechanism of injury (MOI) in young children and an important risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Most children who fall have a minor head injury (MHI), defined as a blunt head trauma that occurred in a patient who is conscious and responsive. ⋯ The risk for csTBI was low and no association was found between MOI and injury severity.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Trends in incidence and severity of sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the emergency department, 2006-2011.
To characterize and identify trends in sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) emergency department (ED) visits from 2006-2011. ⋯ Changes in year-over-year presentation rates vs. hospitalization rates among young athletes suggest that players, coaches and parents may be more aware of sports-related TBI and have developed lower thresholds for seeking medical attention.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
ReviewChronic traumatic encephalopathy: contributions from the Boston University Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive brain trauma (RBT). Initially described in boxers, CTE has now been found in other contact sport athletes with a history of RBT. In recent years, there has been tremendous media attention regarding CTE, primarily because of the deaths of high profile American football players who were found to have CTE upon neuropathological examination. However, the study of CTE remains in its infancy. This review focuses on research from the Centre for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy (CSTE) at Boston University. ⋯ Current research at the BU CSTE is aimed at increasing understanding of the long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts and attempting to begin to answer several of the unanswered questions regarding CTE.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyNeuroanatomical basis of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: a diffusion tensor imaging analysis.
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is observed in a sub-set of patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neuroanatomical basis of PSH is poorly understood. It is hypothesized that PSH is linked to changes in connectivity within the central autonomic network. ⋯ Disconnection involving the posterior corpus callosum and of the posterior limb of the internal capsule may play a role in the pathogenesis or expression of PSH.
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The aim of this literature review was to systematically describe the sequential metabolic changes that occur following concussive injury, as well as identify and characterize the major concepts associated with the neurochemical cascade. ⋯ Concussive injury initiates a complex cascade of pathophysiological changes that include hyper-acute ionic flux, indiscriminant excitatory neurotransmitter release, acute hyperglycolysis and sub-acute metabolic depression. Additionally, these metabolic changes can subsequently lead to impaired neurotransmission, alternate fuel usage and modifications in synaptic plasticity and protein expression. The combination of these metabolic alterations has been proposed to cause the transient and prolonged neurological deficits that typically characterize concussion. Consequently, understanding the implications of the neurochemical cascade may lead to treatment and return-to-play guidelines that can minimize the chronic effects of concussive injury.