International journal of geriatric psychiatry
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The gross cost of illness due to dementia was estimated to be SEK30.7 billion in 1991 while the net cost was estimated to be SEK20 billion. The sensitivity analysis showed a variation between SEK20 billion and SEK36 billion in 1991.
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Int J Geriatr Psychiatry · Jun 1997
Elder abuse in people with dementia in Northern Ireland: Prevalence and predictors in cases referred to a psychiatry of old age service.
To establish the prevalence of elder abuse in community-dwelling patients with dementia and to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in carer and patient characteristics between the abused and non-abused populations. ⋯ Elder abuse is associated with aspects of the patient/carer relationship and should be regarded as a significant problem in patients with dementia referred to an old age service.
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Int J Geriatr Psychiatry · Jun 1997
Comparative StudyThe Clock Drawing Test for dementia of the Alzheimer's type: A comparison of three scoring methods in a memory disorders clinic.
To examine the reliability and validity of the Clock Drawing Test when used as a cognitive screening instrument for mild to moderate dementia, and to compare different scoring mechanisms. ⋯ In a clinic population, clock drawing, especially if scored according to the Shulman scale and combined with the MMSE, is an extremely efficient test screening measure for mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type with low false negative and false positive rates. This may have implications for screening elderly populations.
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Clock drawing has been studies in Alzheimer's disease but not in elderly schizophrenics. We examined clock drawing ability in elderly schizophrenia patients and sought possible correlations with demographic, clinical and cognitive variables. ⋯ Clock drawing skills of a significant portion of long-term institutionalized elderly schizophrenics are impaired. When this test is used as a screening device for Alzheimer's disease in these patients, the results should be interpreted cautiously. Clock drawing abilities in these patients seem to be related to cognitive and non-cognitive (psychiatric state) factors, as well as to illness duration.
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Int J Geriatr Psychiatry · Jun 1997
Outcome of delirium: Part 1. Outcome of delirium diagnosed by DSM-III-R, ICD-10 and CAMDEX and derivation of the Reversible Cognitive Dysfunction Scale among acute geriatric inpatients.
To study performance of DSM-III-R, ICD-10 and CAMDEX diagnoses of delirium as predictors of improvement in mental state in survivors, and to develop a brief rating scale which will predict reversibility of cognitive dysfunction. ⋯ The concept of and diagnostic criteria for delirium should be reconsidered. The RCDS merits further evaluation.