Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids
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Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids · Jun 2018
ReviewRandomized trials of replacing saturated fatty acids with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease prevention: Not the gold standard?
Several trials in the 1950s through 1970s tested the hypothesis that replacing saturated fat in the diet predominantly with n-6 polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) would reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly through modifying blood lipid profile. Most of these trials did observe a reduction in serum total cholesterol in the intervention group, but many trials failed to find a significant reduction in the incidence of CHD. However, some meta-analyses have found a reduced incidence of CHD by pooling the results from the trials. ⋯ For multiple reasons considered here, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions of the cardiovascular effects of the n-6 PUFA based only on the findings in the old diet-heart trials. A more comprehensive picture emerges when also other lines of evidence is considered. The overall study data, including findings also from prospective cohort studies and from dietary trials with intermediate outcomes, still suggests that replacing saturated fat with n-6 PUFA would rather be beneficial than harmful for the prevention of CHD.
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Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids · Jan 2018
A sixteen-week three-armed, randomized, controlled trial investigating clinical and biochemical effects of targeted alterations in dietary linoleic acid and n-3 EPA+DHA in adults with episodic migraine: Study protocol.
Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder, affecting over 16% of adult women and 7% of adult men in the U. S., causing significant pain, disability, and medical expense, with incomplete benefits from conventional medical management. Migraine, as a chronic pain syndrome, provides a practical model for investigating the impact of dietary modifications in omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids. ⋯ During the actual intervention, subjects receive content-specific study oils and foods sufficient for two meals and two snacks per day, as well as dietary counseling. Biochemical and clinical outcome measures are performed at intervals throughout this period. This randomized controlled trial is designed to determine whether targeted alterations in dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids can alter nociceptive lipid mediators in a manner that decreases headache pain and enhances quality of life and function in adults with frequent migraines.
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Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids · Dec 2017
Clinical TrialHyperbaric oxygen therapy is not associated with oxidative stress assessed using plasma F2-isoprostanes and isofurans.
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is increasingly used in medical practice as a means of enhancing the formation of collagen matrix and angiogenesis, thus promoting healing in wounds and necrotic tissue. However, there are concerns that oxygen can also associate with increased production of oxygen free radicals and oxidative stress. F2-Isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) formed by non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) are reliable measures for assessing oxidative stress in vivo. In addition, under conditions of high oxygen tension isofurans (IsoFs) are preferentially formed from AA and are considered to better reflect oxidative stress in the setting of high oxygen tension. This study aimed to measure plasma IsoFs and F2-IsoP in patients receiving HBO therapy to treat osteonecrosis secondary to radiation therapy. Our hypothesis was that IsoFs would continue to rise with increasing oxygen pressures in contrast to F2-IsoPs whose synthesis would be reduced. ⋯ In this study of patients with osteonecrosis, HBO therapy at a maximum pressure of 2.4atm with up to 100% oxygen did not worsen oxidative stress assessed using plasma F2- IsoFs and IsoPs.
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Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids · Nov 2016
Association of serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with psychological distress in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: Adjunct Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study.
The results of several epidemiological studies and clinical trials investigating the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on antenatal and postnatal depression remain controversial. In a previous case-control study of early pregnancy in Japan, we found an inverse association between eicosapentaenoic acid and risk of psychological distress after adjusting for possible confounders. Here, in a 1:2 matched case-control study, we further investigated the possible relationship between serum n-3 PUFAs and risk of psychological distress in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. ⋯ After adjustment for possible confounders, none of the n-3 PUFAs showed an association with risk of psychological distress. Peripheral n-3 PUFA levels might not influence the risk of psychological distress in later pregnancy. Further research is warranted to clarify this finding.
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Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids · Jun 2016
A prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on the clinical signs and erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in dogs with osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs is a prevalent and serious condition. The most common treatment for the clinical signs of OA in dogs is the administration of nonsteroidal antiiflammatory pharmaceuticals. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have been shown to reduce the clinical signs of osteoarthritis in dogs. ⋯ This study demonstrated that the daily supplementation of a dogs diet with EPA and DHA shifts the blood fatty acid concentrations correlating to relief of clinical signs associated with OA in dogs.